Cognition

Encoding

The process of getting information into memory.

Storage

The retention of encoded information over time.

Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Eidetic Memory

A type of photographic memory, where one can recall images with high precision.

Sensory Memory

The initial, brief storage of sensory information.

Working Memory

Active processing and manipulation of information, a part of short-term memory.

Long-Term Memory

The permanent storage of information.

Chunking

The process of grouping information into manageable units.

Rehearsal

The practice of repeating information to retain it.

Levels of Processing Theory

Suggests that the depth of processing affects how well information is remembered.

Declarative Memory

Memory for facts and information.

Episodic Memory

Memory for personal experiences and specific events.

Procedural Memory

Memory for skills and how to perform tasks.

Semantic Memory

Memory for general knowledge and facts.

Engram

The physical trace of a memory in the brain.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after an event.

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to recall old memories before an event.

Flashbulb Memory

A vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory that influences behavior without awareness.

Explicit Memory

Conscious memory of facts and events.

Priming

The activation of existing associations in memory to help with retrieval.

Recall vs. Recognition

Recall is retrieving info without cues; recognition is identifying info with cues.

Mood-Memory Congruent

The phenomenon where recall is better when one's mood matches the memory.

Transience

The fading of memory over time.

Absent-Mindedness

Lapses in attention that lead to forgetting.

Blocking

The inability to access stored information.

Misattribution

Confusing the source or context of a memory.

Suggestibility

The influence of suggestions on memory retrieval.

Bias

The distortion of memories based on personal beliefs or experiences.

Persistence

The continued intrusion of unwanted memories.

Proactive Interference

When old information interferes with the recall of new information.

Retroactive Interference

When new information interferes with the recall of old information.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to better recall the first and last items in a list.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

An innate biological capacity to learn language.

Acquiring Vocabulary

The rapid learning of words that typically begins in infancy.