24.1 Dictators Threaten World Peace

Holland US History II, MATES 2026

Joseph Stalin

• last name: “man of steel”

• transformed rural country into industrial power (2nd to U.S.)

• placed industrial/agricultural sectors under state management

totalitairan

• government has complete control over its citizens (no rights/personal liberties)

Benito Mussolini

• est. a totalitarian regime on people’s fears of communism and poor economy

  • est. Fascist Part (1921)

• called himself “Il Duce” - the Leader

• invaded Ethiopia in 1935 (League of Nations did nothing)

Fascism

• strong centralized government headed by dictator

• extreme right viewpoint

1. militaristic expansion

2. extreme nationalism

3. private property with strong controls

Adolf Hitler

• leader of the Nazi party

• powerful public speaker

• called himself Der Fuhrer - “the leader”

• wrote book “Mein Kampf” (my struggle)

  • set forth Nazism beliefs

• wanted to enforce racial purification

• storm troopers: jobless men (from depression) in private Nazi army

• prime minister in 1933 + est. the Third Reich (3rd German Empire)

Nazism

1. militaristic expansion

2. extreme nationalism

3. private property with strong controls

4. racism (where it is different from Fascism)

Francisco Franco

• (1936) general that led a rebellion against the Spanish republic

• (1939) becomes Spain’s fascist dictator

Neutrality Acts (1935)

• outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war or in civil war (Spain at the time)

• made in order to stay out of war conflicts

• neutrality broke down as U.S. continued sending supplies to China