Advanced Anatomy - Shoulder and Posterior Arm

clavicle and scapula

Which 2 bones make up the shoulder girdle?

shoulder girdle and GH joint

What 2 parts are the shoulder complex comprised of?

sternal (medial) end of the clavicle

• articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the SC joint

acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle

• articulates with the acromion process of the scapula at the AC joint

trapezoid line

conoid tubercle

subscapular fossa

• attachment for subscapularis

medial border of the scapula

• attachment for rhomboid major and levator scapulae

vertebral border of the scapula

What is another name for the medial border of the scapula?

lateral border of the scapula

• attachment for teres minor

infraglenoid tubercle

• attachment site of the long head of the triceps brachii

supraglenoid tubercle

• attachment site of the long head of the biceps brachii

supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

glenoid fossa

• articulates with the head of the humerus

glenoid cavity

What is another name for the glenoid fossa?

acromion process

• deltoid and upper trapezius attach here

suprascapular notch

• suprascapular nerve goes through it, suprascapular artery goes over (superficial to) it

spine of the scapula

• deltoid and trapezius attach here

• rhomboid minor attaches near the base of the spine (at the smooth triangular area AKA root of the spine)

inferior angle of the scapula

• attachment for teres major, rhomboid major, and serratus anterior

superior angle of the scapula

• serratus anterior attaches here

coracoid process

• short head of the biceps, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis minor attach here

humeral head

• articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula at the shoulder joint

anatomical neck of the humerus

• joint capsule attaches here

surgical neck of the humerus

• common site for fractures

radial groove

greater tubercle

lesser tubercle

intertubercular sulcus

• latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and teres major attach here

bicipital groove

What is another name for the intertubercular sulcus?

SC joint, AC joint, GH joint, ST joint

Name the 4 joints of the shoulder complex

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, posterior rotation

Name the movements of the SC joint

SC joint

• biaxial (functionally triaxial) joint

sternoclavicular joint

What does SC joint stand for?

saddle joint

What type of synovial joint is the SC joint?

upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, anterior/posterior tilting

Name the movements of the AC joint

AC joint

• triaxial joint

acromioclavicular joint

What does AC joint stand for?

plane joint

What type of synovial joint is the AC joint?

ST joint

scapulothoracic joint

What does ST joint stand for?

ST joint

Which joint is a “functional” joint, not an anatomic joint?

abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, internal/external rotation

Name the movements of the GH joint

GH joint

• triaxial joint

glenohumeral joint

What does GH joint stand for?

ball and socket joint

What type of synovial joint is the GH joint?

three

How many GH ligaments are there?

SGHL

• runs from the superior glenoid labrum to the upper humeral neck

superior glenohumeral ligament

What does SGHL stand for?

MGHL

• runs obliquely from the superior anterior labrum to the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus

middle glenohumeral ligament

What does MGHL stand for?

IGHL

• runs obliquely from the superior anterior labrum to the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus

inferior glenohumeral ligament

What does IGHL stand for?

coracohumeral ligament

• originates from the base of the coracoid process, has 2 bands, and forms a tunnel for the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

transverse humeral ligament

• enclosing the canal of the bicipital groove

acromioclavicular ligament

coracoacromial ligament

coracoclavicular ligament

trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament 

What 2 ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament?

anterior SC ligament

Identify the ligament in red

interclavicular ligament

Identify the ligament in yellow

latissimus dorsi

trapezius

levator scapulae

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

deltoid

teres major

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

subscapularis

triceps brachii

dorsal scapular artery

suprascapular artery

posterior circumflex humeral artery

rotator interval

Identify the space outlined in red

posterior aspect of subscapularis tendon

anterior border of rotator interval

anterior aspect of supraspinatus tendon

posterior border of rotator interval

base of coracoid process

medial border of rotator interval

rotator interval capsule, reinforced by coracohumeral ligament

roof of rotator interval

tendon of long head of biceps brachii, SGHL

contents of rotator interval

quadrangular space

Identify the space outlined in red

teres minor

superior border of quadrangular space

lateral head of triceps brachii

lateral border of quadrangular space

long head of triceps brachii

medial border of quadrangular space

teres major

inferior border of quadrangular space 

axillary nerve, posterior humeral circumflex vessels

contents of quadrangular space

triceps hiatus

Identify the space outlined in red

teres major

superior border of triceps hiatus

lateral head of triceps brachii

lateral border of triceps hiatus

long head of triceps brachii

medial border of triceps hiatus

radial nerve, deep artery of the arm

contents of triceps hiatus

profunda brachii

What is another name for the deep artery of the arm?

triangular space

Identify the space outlined in red

teres minor

superior border of triangular space

teres major

inferior border of triangular space 

long head of triceps brachii

lateral border of triangular space

circumflex scapular artery

contents of triangular space

humerus