gas_exchange_system

What is the main function of the human gas exchange system?

The main function is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

What is the role of ciliated epithelial cells in the gas exchange system?

Ciliated epithelial cells sweep mucus, dust, bacteria, and other microorganisms up and away from the lungs to the mouth.

What are goblet cells and where are they found in the gas exchange system?

Goblet cells are mucus-producing cells found in the ciliated epithelium of the trachea and bronchi.

What is the significance of the alveoli in the human gas exchange system?

Alveoli are the main site of gas exchange in the lungs; they have a large surface area and thin walls for efficient diffusion.

Describe the structure of the trachea.

The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, supported by C-shaped cartilage rings.

How do elastic fibers contribute to the function of alveoli?

Elastic fibers allow alveoli to stretch during inhalation and recoil during exhalation, aiding the process of gas exchange.

What is the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood capillaries, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

What happens to mucus produced by goblet cells in the gas exchange system?

Mucus traps dust and microorganisms and is swept away by cilia, eventually being swallowed or destroyed by stomach acid.

What structural adaptations do the alveoli have for efficient gas exchange?

Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and a rich network of capillaries surrounding them.

Explain the importance of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi.

Cartilage provides structural support, keeping the trachea and bronchi open and allowing them to flex during breathing.

What is cystic fibrosis and how does it affect lung function?

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective CFTR gene, leading to thick mucus that obstructs airways, trapping bacteria and leading to infections.

What is the diameter of capillaries and why is it significant for gas exchange?

Capillaries have a diameter of about 3-4 µm, allowing for only one red blood cell to pass at a time, maximizing gas exchange efficiency.

Differentiate between cilia and microvilli.

Cilia are hair-like projections that sweep mucus in the respiratory system, while microvilli are small projections that increase surface area for absorption in the intestines.

How do smooth muscles function in the gas exchange system?

Smooth muscles control the flow of air into the lungs by constricting and dilating the airways.

What maintains the concentration gradient for gas exchange in the alveoli?

The continuous movement of blood through capillaries surrounding the alveoli maintains the concentration gradient.

How does emphysema impact the structure and function of alveoli?

Emphysema damages alveoli walls, reducing their surface area and elasticity, leading to less efficient gas exchange.