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Honorific Verbs
(1) ていらしゃいます instead of ています
(2) お + verb stem + になる
Giving respectful advice
お + verb stem + ください
Thank you for doing ...
verb て-form + くれてありがとう
formal = くださってありがとうございました
I'm glad that ...
て-form + よかったです
It is supposed to be the case...
〜はずです added to the ending of a short form sentence
い and な adjectives remain with their long endings
nouns have の before はずです
Extra-modest Expressions
Used when speaking about your own actions. Almost always used in long-form because the purpose is to be formal.
Humble Expressions
When you do something out of respect for someone else you can use the humble pattern お+Stem Form+する
〜ないで
In order to say you did something without doing something else you can use verb +ないで. This can be used in present and past tense form
Questions within larger sentences
When you want to include a question as part of a longer sentence. Use a short form
Question-word question か
Yes/no question かどうか
name という item
to say the name of an item or person that you do not think the person you are addressing are familiar with
(name) という (item)
〜やすい/にくい
you can say something is hard or easy to do using
stem form + やすい (easy)
stem form + にくい (hard)
what will you (graciously) eat/drink
なにをめしあがりますか。
Please watch out
ごらんください
Thank you for helping me out
てつだってくれてありがとう。
I am glad that I have studied Japanese
日本語をべんきょうしてよかったです
Banks must be closed because today is Sunday.
今日はにちようびだから、ぎんこうはしまっているはずです。
I will be in Japan next year, too, sir/ma'am.
私は来年も日本におります。
I (humbly) met my professor yesterday.
私はきのう先生にお会いしました。
Last night, I studied without getting any sleep.
きのうの夜は、ねないで、勉強しました。
Do you know where Mary lives?
メアリーさんがどこに住んでいるか知っていますか。
(Do you know) a song called "Hana"
「花」という歌(を知っていますか。)
This book was easy to read
この本は読みやすかったです。
My name is Carolyn Scott
私はキャロリン・スコットともうします。
Kanji is hard to memorize
かんじはおぼえにくいです。