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Dehydration
OH → C=C
Hydration
C=C → OH
Hydrolysis
Thioester → Carboxylic acid or carboxylate
Isomerization
Shuffling things around
Same formula but different structure
Oxidation
NAD - alcohol → ketone
FAD - alkane → alkene
Oxidation/decarboxylation
Carboxylate → Ketone + CO2
Phosphate transfer
PiO-C → HO-C + ATP
Phosphorylation
HO-C-C → PiO-C-CH
Reduction
NADH - O=C → HO-C
NADH
Reduce
O=C → HO-C
NAD
Oxidize
HO-C → O=C
FAD
Oxidize
C-C → C=C
FADH2
None
Co-SH
Carboxylate → Acetyl CoA
Secondary alcohol
Oxidation
Apha-keto acid
Oxidation/decarboxylation
Thioester
Hydrolysis
Alpha-beta alkene
Hydration
Oxidizing agent
Causes other substance to be oxidized
Reducing agent
Causes other substance to be reduced
Coenzymes that enter ETC
NADH, FADH2
Complex I
Uses NADH
Pushes H+
Complex II
Uses FADH2
Doesn’t push H+
Complex III
Cyt C
Complex IV
O2 → H2O
Complex I, III, IV
Push H+ into intermembrane space
Intermembrane space
High H+
Low pH
Matrix
Low H+
High pH
Glycolysis
Glucose, ATP → ATP, NADH
Citric acid cycle
Acetyl CoA → NADH, FADH2, GTP
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Fatty acid, ATP → Acetyl CoA, FADH2, NADH
Aerobic conditions
Pyruvate oxidized into acetyl CoA
Anaerobic conditions
Pyruvate reduced into lactic acid
NADH
2.5 ATP
FADH2
1.5 ATP
Glucose
32 ATP
Fatty acid
8 + (#C/2 - 1)x14
Note 
Flashcard (37)