Acid-Base Balance Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to acid-base balance, including definitions, physiological impacts, and clinical presentations relevant for nursing students.

What is the pH range considered normal for the human body?

The normal pH range is 7.35 to 7.45.

What is the effect on pH when there is an increase in H+ ions?

The pH decreases, causing the solution to become more acidic.

What major organs regulate acid elimination and retention?

The lungs are the major organs of acid elimination.

What is the primary function of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

The kidneys are responsible for the selective excretion and conservation of bicarbonate (HCO3), providing long-term regulation.

What does the Anion Gap help to assess?

The Anion Gap helps assess specific types of metabolic acidosis.

What are some etiologies of metabolic acidosis?

Etiologies include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic acidosis, and diarrhea.

What are the manifestations of metabolic acidosis?

Elevated potassium, calcium disturbances, lethargy, confusion, headache, and tachycardia.

What is the typical presentation of a patient with metabolic alkalosis?

A patient may present with symptoms like weakness, muscle cramps, and tingling fingers/toes.

What is the use of the mnemonic 'ROME' in acid-base interpretation?

ROME stands for Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal, helping to remember how pH, CO2, and HCO3 relate.

What indicates respiratory acidosis on an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis?

pH less than 7.35 and CO2 greater than 45.

What is an essential management step for respiratory acidosis?

Improving ventilation and treating the underlying cause.

What are common manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

Decreased potassium, confusion, dizziness, and hyperventilation.

How can mixed acid-base imbalances occur?

They occur when both respiratory and metabolic factors disrupt acid-base homeostasis.

In metabolic alkalosis, how does the patient typically compensate?

There is usually a decrease in respiratory rate as a compensatory mechanism.

What are respiratory alkalosis's common etiologies?

Hyperventilation, panic disorders, and fever.

What is the significance of monitoring ABG levels?

ABG levels provide critical information for diagnosing and managing acid-base imbalances.