AP World History Unit 5 Vocab

A philosophical movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of traditional social, religious, and political ideas and put an emphasis on individualism, freedom and self determination.

A philosophical movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of traditional social, religious, and political ideas and put an emphasis on individualism, freedom and self determination.

Enlightenment

A feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one's language and culture.

Nationalism

The belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience and experiments.

Empiricism

The agreement that individuals give up some rights to a strong central government in return for law and order.

Social Contract

A group of thinkers and writers who explored social, political, and economic theories in new ways.

Philosophers

The governmental approach to reduce their interventions in economic decisions.

Laissez-Faire

An economic system where means of production (factories and natural resourcs) are privately owned.

Capitalism

The belief that a divinity simply set natural laws in motion.

Deism

A philosophy introduced by socialists that hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism.

Utopian Socialism

A gradual socialist group that favored reforming society by parliamentary means.

Fabian Society

A belief in natural rights, constitutional government, laissez-faire economics and reduced spending on armies and established churches.

Classical Liberalism

The movement organized around the doctrine that women should have the same economic, social, and political rights as men.

Feminism

The movement to end the Atlantic Slave Trade and free all enslaved people.

Abolitionism

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.

Zionism

The hostility toward Jewish people.

Anti-Semitism

The war fought between Great Britain and colonists in British America.

American Revolution

A French statement that declared basic human rights.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A period during which the government executed thousands of opponents of the French revolution.

Reign of Terror

A slave revolt in St. Domingue that lasted from 1791-1804 that sought independence from the French.

Haitian Revolution

Dominated by the Creoles, these movements saw Spain lose all of her major colonies in the new world.

The Bolivar Revolutions

A period of time when native Filipinos were calling for reforms using magazines, pamphlets and other publications to voice their desire for independence from Spain.

Propaganda Movement

A political system that's not based on beliefs, doctrines, ethics, or morals, but rather on realistic, practical ideas.

Realpolitik

A political trend popular in the 1870s and 1880s in which loyalty to the sultan was replaced with loyalty to the Ottoman state. The goal was to create a more modern unified state.

Ottomanism

In the 18th century, the dramatic change from creating goods by hand to using machines

Industrial Revolution

The increased mechanization of production.

Industrialization

In the 18th Century, the Industrial Revolution created a ___________ revolution that led to higher yields and better food quality from the new farming techniques.

Agricultural

Rotating different crops in and out of a field each year.

Crop Rotation

The British developed this system where merchants provided raw cotton to women who spun it into finished cloth in their own homes.

Cottage Industry

A manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods.

Assembly Line

The ___________ movement where the government fenced off the commons to give exclusive use of it to people who paid for the privilege or land.

Enclosure

This stretched from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean. It allowed Russia to trade easily with countries in East Asia.

Trans-Siberian Railroad

Created by James Watt, the ________________provided a inexpensive way to harness coal power to create steam. Paving the way to produce enough power to run trains.

Steam Engine

The movement where production moved from a focus on textile production to a focus on the mass production of steel and machinery

Second Industrial Revolution

The Bessemer Process allowed for ______________ production to occur on a mass scale changing industrial society.

Steel

This connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and facilitated industrial growth in the United States.

Transcontinental Railroad

Money that is available to invest in a business vs. the workforce of the business

Capital vs. Human Capital

Large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan

Zaibatsu

An independent legal entity owned by shareholders

Corporation

Individuals who buy partial ownership directly from the company when it is formed or later through a stock market.

Stockholders

A more efficient way to produce steel

Bessemer Process

A _________ company that operates across national boundaries

transnational

The theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable.

Consumerism

Organizations of workers that advocated for the right to bargain with employers and put the resulting agreement in a contract.

Labor Unions

A social and political theory about how people should be treated and what the government show do. It said that the most ethical action was the one that contributed the most good to the most people.

Utilitarianism

A book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.

Communist Manifesto

__________ are separate legal courts established by different religious communities (each having their religious laws)

Millets

The internal reform effort in China (19th Century) where they addressed their issues. China's goal was to put their country back in competition with the Western World.

Strengthening Movement

In Chinese history, imperial attempt at renovating the Chinese state and social system. (ex: abolishing the civil service exam)

Hundred Days of Reform

A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety.

Tenement

An overcrowded, dirty area of a city where the housing is usually in very poor condition

Slums

The bottom of the social hierarchy were those labored in factories and coal mines.

Working Class

The new middle class workers that consisted of managers, small business owners and professionals.

White-Collar

____________ produced goods cheaper, more abundant, and more accessible to a greater number of people than ever before.

Mass Production