FMPSY MT PERIOD

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Introduction

Clearly states the background that highlights the interest of the study.

Introduction

Contains the gaps and what is not known yet.

Significance of the study

Describes the purpose of the study.

Theoretical framework

Discusses the major theories logically and how it supports the research/study.

• Study site

• Instruments

• Ethical consideration

Discusses utility (3)

Data gathering

Discusses the process and describes the role of the researchers.

Field research

Defined as a qualitative method of data collection that aims to observe, interact, and understand people while they are in a natural environment.

• To observe

• To analyze a specific behavior

END OBJECTIVE OF FIELD RESEARCH (2)

• Direct observation

• Participant observation

• Ethnography

METHODS OF FIELD RESEARCH (3)

Direct observation

Observing subjects in their natural environment. Behavior or outcome is not interpreted in any way by the researcher. This method in widely used in public setting.

Participant observation

Researchers are deeply involved in research process, and they are not purely an observer. This method is also conducted in a natural environment.

Ethnography

Involves social perspectives and cultural values of an entire community.

Central objective of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

To understand what personal and social experiences means to people who experience them.

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Aims to provide in depth exploration of people’s lived experiences and close examination of how people make sense of their experiences.

Inductive

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IPA

Uses open-ended questions.

Idiographic

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IPA

Works at the individual level.

• Inductive

• Idiographic

• Individuals actively interpret their experiences and their world

• Concerned of understanding an individual’s lived experiences

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IPA (4)

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect for dignity of persons and people

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect unique worth and inherent dignity of all human being

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect for diversity among persons and people

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect for beliefs and culture

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Free and informed consent

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Privacy for individuals, group, and community

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Protection of confidentiality of personal information

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Fairness and justice of treatment of person and people

Principle 1

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect for the environment which ultimately ensures a safe haven or dignified human existence

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Competent caring for the well-being of persons and people

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Active concern for well-being of persons and people

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Do no harm

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Maximizing benefits, minimizing potential harm

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Correcting/offsetting harmful effects that have occurred as a result of their actions

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Maintaining competence

Principle 2

CODE OF ETHICS

Respect the ability of individuals to make decisions of themselves

Principle 3

CODE OF ETHICS

Integrity

Principle 3

CODE OF ETHICS

Honest, truthful, accurate communication

Principle 3

CODE OF ETHICS

Avoiding incomplete disclosure of info

Principle 3

CODE OF ETHICS

Maximizing impartiality and minimizing bias

Principle 3

CODE OF ETHICS

Do not exploit for personal gain

Introduction

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Contains the rationale, purpose, and gaps. Informing the participants that they are free to ask any questions about the study.

Procedure and Duration of the Interview

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Indicate how long it would take and how much time they would take and how much time they would need to give.

Risks and Discomforts

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Indicate possible risks and discomfort in participating.

Benefits

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Indicate the benefits that will come out when they participate with the study.

Confidentiality and Data Security

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Indicates who can access the information and ways of disposing gathered data.

Qualitative interviews

Sometimes called intensive or in-depth interview.

Interview schedule

A list containing a set of structured questions that have been prepared.

Structured interview

Also known as standardized or formal interview.

Structured interview

Evaluated candidates based on predetermined questions.

Structured interview

Researcher prepares questions they wanted to ask.

Unstructured interview

Informal or casual interview; unplanned questions with the goal to assess.

Semi-structured interview

Hybrid interview; combines structured and unstructured interview.

Semi-structured interview

Interviewers prepares questions but has flexibility to ask other questions.

Trustworthiness

Quintessential framework of evaluating qualitative research.

Credibility

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

Are the results truthful?

Credibility

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

*It refers to the confidence that the findings of a study are accurate and truthful representations of the participants’ experiences and perspectives.

Dependability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

Consistency of findings

Dependability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

*Ensures that the research findings are consistent and could be replicated under similar conditions.

Transferability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

Comparable?

Transferability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

*Refers to the extent to which the findings and interpretations from a study can be applied to other contexts or settings beyond the specific research context.

Confirmability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

How accurate?

Confirmability

ELEMENTS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS

*It refers to the degree to which the findings of a study are shaped by the participants’ responses and not by researcher bias, motivations, or perspectives.

Audit trail

*This involves keeping a detailed record of all the decisions made during the research process, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Reflexivity

Incorporation of researcher’s knowledges and perspectives in the study.

Prolonged engagement

APPLICATION OF CREDIBILITY

• Persistent observation

• Researcher spends considerable amount of time to the participants depending on the nature of the study

Peer debriefing

APPLICATION OF CREDIBILITY

Feedback of another researcher to compare conclusions.

Member checking

APPLICATION OF CREDIBILITY

Select participants to review the finding of the preliminary analysis/transcriptions.

Triangulation

APPLICATION OF CREDIBILITY

*A method used to enhance the credibility and validity of qualitative research by cross-verifying findings through multiple data sources, methods, or perspectives. This approach helps to mitigate the biases and limitations inherent in relying on a single source of information.