Midterm Exam 2- Drugs Deviance and Social Control UIowa

Mixing heroin and cocaine would have which of the following effects?

Additive

Synergistic

Reciprocal

Antagonistic

Synergistic

From a sociological standpoint, alcohol is perhaps the most dangerous drug. Why?

Alcohol is legal

Advertising and media promote drinking as normal

Large distribution and sales of alcohol

All are reasons why it's perceived as the most dangerous

All are reasons why it's perceived as the most dangerous

Which of the following is not a primary potential effect of prescription CNS depressants?

Sedation

Hypnosis

Euphoria

Anesthesia

Euphoria

Amphetamine and methamphetamine are the same substance.

True

False

F

Given the known dangers of prescription opioids, what is the primary reason for continued use?

Cost associated with creation

Cost associated with marketing

Medical utility

Its an easy answer to patients complaints

Medical utility

Which of the following does not influence an individual's blood alcohol content?

Age

Presence of food

Metabolism

All impact BAC.

All impact BAC.

Within two weeks, chemist Felix Hoffman synthesized two drugs - heroin and ?

Ibuprofen

Aspirin

Sodium Barbital

He didn't actually synthesize heroin.

Aspirin

Using amphetamines as a means to stay alert in order to prepare for final exams is ______ use.

legal instrumental

legal recreational

illegal instrumental

illegal recreational

illegal instrumental

America would be considered a "dry" culture.

True

False

T

Which of the following was the first use of heroin in the United States?

Antidepressant

Sleep aid

Analgesic

Cough suppressant

Cough suppressant

Regarding amphetamine discovery, which statement is incorrect?

It was created while trying to find treatment for asthma.

It was created in an attempt to improve ephedrine.

Alles saw value in its euphoric-producing abilities.

Each of these statements is correct.

Each of these statements is correct.

Select the incorrect statement regarding trends in alcohol consumption.

About 1/3 of the American population abstains

Binge drinking for 18-25 is ~2x the rate for the general population

Heavy drinking for 18-25 is more ~4x the rate for the general population

>20% of 18-25 year olds meet the diagnostic criteria for alcoholism

Heavy drinking for 18-25 is more ~4x the rate for the general population

Which hypothesis suggests that being under the influence --> disinhibition --> risky behavior?

Reciprocal

Alternative

Disinhibition

Susceptibility

Disinhibition

In 1914, the regulation of opium began with the __________.

Harrison Narcotic Act

McKinley Drug Control Act

Tyler Drug Act

None of these pieces of legislation

Harrison Narcotic Act

Part of the reason people experience a hangover is because alcohol throws the body out of homeostasis.

True

False

T

Which of the following are considered amphetamine type, CNS stimulants?

Ecstasy

Bath Salts

Ritalin

All listed drugs are amphetamine type stimulants.

All listed drugs are amphetamine type stimulants.

The relationship between alcohol and risk remains the same regardless of age.

True

False

F

There are four types of alcohol, three of which are not suitable for consumption.

True

False

T

For much of it's history, cocaine was used for instrumental purposes without raising much concern.

True

False

T

Which of the following is NOT a clinical use of narcotics?

pain treatment

cough suppressant

anti-diarrheal

congestion relief

congestion relief

Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous than withdrawal from any other psychoactive substance.

True

False

F

A glass of champagne vs wine with the same amount of alcohol will have a varied onset of action

True

False

T

Which of the following is a type of CNS depressant?

Barbiturates

Benzodiazapines

Alcohol

Each of these are types of CNS depressants

Each of these are types of CNS depressants

Regarding trends in benzodiazepine use based on treatment admittance data, which statement is false?

Females are dramatically more likely to seek treatment

White people are the highest racial demographic to seek treatment.

Most sedative-hypnotic addicts also suffer from other addictions.

Each of these statements are true.

Females are dramatically more likely to seek treatment

Sedative-hypnotics exert their effects through engaging which of the following?

Dopamine

GABA

Endorphins

ACH

GABA

A CNS depressant can __________.

relieve anxiety

be used as a sleep aid

cause severe physical dependence

All of the above

All of the above

All sedative-hypnotics can produce severe physical dependence.

True

False

T

Barbiturates are __________ valium-like benzodiazepines.

safer than

as safe as

more dangerous than

None of the above

more dangerous than

Benzodiazepines are classified in which of the following Schedules?

I

II

IV

V

IV

Benzodiazepines are frequently used clinically to __________.

aid in withdrawal from alcohol

treat seizures

pre-anesthetize a patient

All of the above

All of the above

Drugs often used to relieve symptoms of allergies and motion sickness are called __________.

antihistamines

analgesics

methyprylones

methaqualones

antihistamines

For most of the 1970s, __________ was the top-selling prescription drug.

Clonazepam

Librium

Valium

Xanax

Valium

If a barbiturate is combined with another CNS depressant, what likely would be the consequence?

the effect would be enhanced

the effect would be diminished

the effect would not be altered

None of the above

the effect would be enhanced

In high doses, some CNS depressants can cause anesthesia.

True

False

T

Many individuals who are dependent on depressants acquire them by prescription.

True

False

T

A glass of champagne has a faster onset of action than a glass of wine that contains the same amount of alcohol because __________.

champagne does not have to be digested because it is absorbed more readily, whereas wine has to be digested

the carbon dioxide (carbonation) in champagne moves it more rapidly from the stomach to the small intestine where absorption occurs more rapidly

liver enzymes do not metabolize champagne as rapidly as wine

wine, but not champagne, contains contaminant products that slow down absorption

the carbon dioxide (carbonation) in champagne moves it more rapidly from the stomach to the small intestine where absorption occurs more rapidly

Alcohol is a psychoactive substance because it depresses brain activity.

True

False

T

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can include all except __________.

anxiousness

whole-body tremors

constipation

disorientation

constipation

As a rule, it takes __________ the number of hours as the number of drinks consumed to sober up completely.

equal

half

twice

four times

equal

Drinks stronger than __________ proof may actually inhibit alcohol absorption.

70

80

90

100

100

One hundred proof alcohol has a __________ alcohol content.

55%

50%

40%

45%

50%

Regarding sexual performance and prolonged drug use, findings suggest that alcohol __________.

has very little effect on sexual performance

can cause inflammation of the prostate gland

does not affect sperm production

has more effect on women than men

can cause inflammation of the prostate gland

A college student who attends a party and binges uncontrollably for the night, but then abstains from alcohol for 3 weeks until the next party where binging reoccurs is classified by Jellinek as a(n) __________ alcoholic.

Epsilon

Beta

Delta

Sig Pi

Epsilon

Alcohol use has not been proven a factor in date rape, unplanned pregnancies, STDs, or HIV.

True

False

F

All of the following factors except __________ are responsible for pseudointoxication.

amount of alcohol consumed

cultural expectations

physical surroundings

group norms

amount of alcohol consumed

Codeine is most likely to be used to relieve __________.

muscle cramps

constipation

headaches

coughing

coughing

Heroin addicts can experience a psychological "high" from playing with the needle and syringe they use to inject the drug.

True

False

T

Heroin is classified as a __________ drug and cannot be used clinically in the United States.

Schedule I

Schedule II

Schedule III

Schedule IV

Schedule I

Hypodermic needles were used extensively during the Civil War to administer morphine for pain and dysentery.

True

False

T

In 1914, the regulation of opium began with the __________.

Harrison Narcotic Act

Tyler Drug Act

McKinley Drug Control Act

None of the above

Harrison Narcotic Act

Methadone is effective for about __________.

1-2 hours

10-12 hours

24-36 hours

36-48 hours

24-36 hours

Select the correct statement concerning methadone.

Methadone is as addictive as heroin if injected.

It does not have cross-tolerance with other narcotic drugs.

Post-addiction craving for heroin is not suppressed by methadone use.

Methadone does not have the same side effects as heroin.

Methadone is as addictive as heroin if injected.

Select the incorrect statement.

Most heroin addicts "mainline" the drug.

Withdrawal symptoms from heroin use resemble a bad cold.

It requires approximately 5-7 days to recover from the physical symptoms of heroin withdrawal.

Withdrawal symptoms from each narcotic are very different.

Withdrawal symptoms from each narcotic are very different.

Select the incorrect statement concerning OxyContin.

This is a proprietary name for oxycodone.

This is a long-acting product.

This drug is never abused by high school students.

Recent formulations of this drug make it more difficult to abuse.

This drug is never abused by high school students.

Tolerance to narcotics doesn't occur until after several weeks of use.

True

False

F

A chocolate drink, such as cocoa, contains as much caffeine as does a cup of coffee.

True

False

F

Amphetamine and cocaine are classified in which of the following Schedules?

I

II

III

IV

II

Amphetamine was available in OTC nasal decongestant inhalers until the late 1940s.

True

False

T

Chronic high doses of amphetamines have not been shown to permanently damage the brain.

True

False

F

__________ of cocaine allows the most intense but short-lived high, causing severe side effects and dependence.

Intravenous administration

Snorting

Oral administration

None of the above

Intravenous administration

Physical withdrawal from cocaine dependence is usually as intense as that associated with CNS depressant dependence.

True

False

F

Select the incorrect statement.

Europeans became aware of cocaine during the second major cocaine era.

Coca-Cola was originally a patent medicine that contained heroin.

At one time, Sigmund Freud advocated the use of cocaine to treat drug addiction.

Cocaine was used as a source of energy by the ancient South American Indians who lived in the regions of the Andean Mountains.

Coca-Cola was originally a patent medicine that contained heroin.

Select the incorrect statement concerning amphetamines.

They were used by soldiers during World War II and the Korean War to counter fatigue.

Truck drivers making long hauls were one of the earliest distribution systems for illicit amphetamines.

Methamphetamine and amphetamine are actually the same drug.

In recent years, pilots in the Air Force used amphetamines to reduce fatigue.

Methamphetamine and amphetamine are actually the same drug.

The intensity of cocaine withdrawal is proportional to __________.

the amount used

the duration of use

the intensity of use

All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is least likely to be caused by chronic high doses of amphetamines?

hallucinations

antisocial behavior

feelings of bugs crawling under the skin

extreme hunger

extreme hunger