Thomas Jefferson & His Democracy #10

Who were the two main candidates in the 1800 U.S. presidential election?

Thomas Jefferson (Republican) and John Adams (Federalist).

Why was the 1800 election especially significant in U.S. history?

It was the first election in which political parties competed — marking the start of organized party politics.

What happened after the electoral tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr?

The election was decided by the House of Representatives; after 36 ballots and Alexander Hamilton’s intervention, Jefferson was named president.

What was Jefferson’s ideal vision for America’s society and economy?

A republic of small independent farmers — agrarian, minimal central government, low taxes, reduced military.

What major territorial expansion took place under Jefferson’s presidency?

The Louisiana Purchase — the U.S. buying the Louisiana Territory, doubling its size.

What doctrine did the Supreme Court establish during Jefferson’s presidency?

Judicial review (ability to declare laws unconstitutional), via Marbury v. Madison under John Marshall.

How did Jefferson’s practice regarding slavery conflict with the ideals he helped enshrine in the Declaration of Independence?

He wrote about liberty and equality but owned slaves, did not free them, and did not extend these rights to Black people.

What was the name of the slave-leader behind a planned uprising that increased fears among white slave-owners?

Gabriel Prosser (Gabriel’s Rebellion).

Why is Jefferson’s legacy described as conflicted?

Because while he promoted ideals of liberty, democracy, and expansion, he also upheld slavery and sometimes contradicted his own principles.