World History Study Guide (copy)

A comprehensive set of flashcards based on key themes, events, and figures from world history, organized for effective study.

What was the significance of the hijra in Islam?

The hijra was a turning point for Islam, marking the formation of the umma in Medina where local people accepted Muhammad's teachings.

What did Suleiman's statement about treating people well imply about his leadership style?

It suggested that he valued kindness and understood the unpredictability of human relationships; he relied on Allah for positive responses.

What was the basic impact of Christianity's teachings on the western world's socio-political development?

Christianity's teachings influenced the moral framework, social values, and political structures in Western societies.

What was necessary for building wealth among West African kingdoms?

Control of trade routes, agricultural productivity, and resource management were essential to foster economic growth.

What economic conditions characterized Mansa Musa's rule of Mali?

Mansa Musa's rule was marked by immense wealth, significant trade, and infrastructure development.

What was the cultural nature of the ancient capital city of Axum before 600 A.D.?

Axum was a thriving trade center with diverse influences, significant architecture, and a monotheistic faith.

What was the defining factor promoting social identity in medieval African societies?

Kinship and family ties served as the foundation for social identity.

What type of rule characterized governance in smaller medieval African societies?

Lesser governance often relied on consensus and communal decision-making.

What are common artistic features attributed to Islamic art and architecture?

Features include intricate geometric patterns, calligraphy, and arabesques, emphasizing spiritual rather than representational art.

How were conquered peoples treated under the Umayyad caliphate in Spain?

Conquered peoples were generally allowed to practice their own religions with certain restrictions but enjoyed relative tolerance.

What enabled the successful invasion of northern India by Muslim rulers?

Military strategy, the disunity among local rulers, and appeals to common grievances played a key role.

What contributed to the growth of Persian and Greek art in Dehli?

Cultural exchange and the patronage of art by Muslim rulers initiated this growth.

What was Guru Gobind Singh's motivation for giving all Sikh men the last name of Singh?

To promote equality among Sikhs and foster a collective identity.

What significant change did King Sejong’s statement about language lead to?

It ultimately led to the creation of the Korean script, Hangul.

What event prompted Shah Jahan to declare that 'Empire has no sweetness'?

The death of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, deeply saddened him.

What was the nature of society in early Southeast Asia?

Early Southeast Asia was characterized by diverse cultures, trade, and a mix of indigenous and foreign influences.

Which dynasties in China ruled during times of peace?

The Tang and Song dynasties are noted for their times of peace and prosperity.

Which empire is credited with building the great temple complex at Angkor Wat?

The Khmer Empire constructed the great temple complex at Angkor Wat.

What phenomenon is Japan subjected to due to its location in the Ring of Fire?

Japan experiences frequent seismic activity such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

What was the impact of trade in the Mediterranean during the Renaissance?

Trade fostered cultural exchange, economic growth, and the spread of Renaissance ideas.

How did the Renaissance signify a cultural shift from the Medieval era?

The Renaissance brought renewed interest in classical learning, humanism, and artistic expression.

What was the relationship between the Catholic Church and art during the Renaissance?

The Catholic Church was a major patron of the arts, promoting religious themes through art.

Why is Leonardo da Vinci a symbol of the Renaissance?

His innovations in art, science, and engineering epitomized the Renaissance humanist spirit.

What were the general themes of Martin Luther's Protestantism?

Luther emphasized salvation by faith alone and critiqued the practices of the Catholic Church.

What were John Calvin’s core beliefs in Protestantism?

Calvin advocated for predestination and a strict moral code in Christian communities.

What motivated the destruction of Catholic images by Protestants during the Renaissance?

Protestants viewed these images as idolatrous and contrary to their interpretation of scripture.

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

The Church initiated reforms and the Counter-Reformation to address criticisms and reaffirm Catholic doctrine.

What is the significance of Queen Elizabeth I's quotation about her subjects?

It reflects her desire for religious tolerance and the need for peace in her realm.

What prompted King Henry VIII to order the dissolution of monasteries in 1538?

He aimed to consolidate power and wealth from the Catholic Church's properties.

What advancements characterized the scientific innovations of the Renaissance?

Innovations included the heliocentric model, the printing press, and advancements in mathematics and chemistry.

What was the eventual result of scientific contributions made by René Descartes, Isaac Newton, and Francis Bacon?

Their work laid the foundation for modern scientific thinking and methodologies.

How did Isaac Newton's observation of gravity influence our understanding of the universe?

It provided a universal law of gravitation, which changed perceptions of celestial mechanics.

What enhanced European perspectives of China in the late sixteenth century?

European visitors documented and admired Chinese technological and cultural advancements.

Who commented on the Tainos living in the West Indies and what was their description?

Christopher Columbus described the Tainos as generous and hospitable.

What did North American colonists mean by 'traditional rights'?

They referred to the rights they believed were inherited from their English heritage.

Why did the colony of New France grow slowly?

Factors included harsh climate and competition from other colonies.

What empire arose from Yoruba settlements in present-day Nigeria?

The Oyo Empire developed as a major power from the Yoruba people.

What is mercantilism?

An economic policy where a nation aims to export more than it imports to build up gold and silver reserves.

What commodity was significant in the Triangle Trade originating from the Caribbean?

Sugar was a primary commodity traded during the Triangle Trade.

What was the impact of Columbus' conquests in the Americas?

His exploration initiated European colonization and significant cultural exchanges.

What shift occurred in European land claims in North America post-French and Indian War?

Britain gained territory while France was significantly diminished in influence.

What was the level of influence held by Dutch and Portuguese traders in Asian exploration?

Both played a vital role, with competitive trading networks established.

What was the political relationship between Spain and Portugal during early exploration?

They were rivals but also partners in the Treaty of Tordesillas, dividing the New World.

What was the significance of Hernán Cortés' encounter with the Aztec Empire?

Cortés' conquest led to Spanish colonization of Mexico and the downfall of the Aztec civilization.

What was the settlement of the Jamestown Colony like?

The Jamestown Colony faced hardship, disease, and struggles but eventually established a profitable tobacco industry.

What event sparked the beginning of the French and Indian War?

Tensions escalated from territorial disputes between British and French colonists.

What event is associated with Benjamin Franklin's phrase 'Join or Die'?

The phrase was used to promote colonial unity during the French and Indian War.

Who was the European explorer that set out for Asia in 1497 from the Cape of Good Hope?

Vasco da Gama was the explorer seeking a sea route to Asia in 1497.