AP Hug Exam Q1

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Asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Brain drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Circular migration

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

9. Forced migration

Permanent movement compelled by cultural or environmental factors

10. Guest worker

A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job.

11. Immigration

Migration to a new location

12. Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country.

13. Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee, but has not migrated across an international border

14. International migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

15. Interregional migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

16. Intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

17. Intraregional migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

18. Migration

A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location.

19. Migration transition

A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

20. Mobility

All types of movement between locations

21. Net migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

22. Pull factor

a factor that induces people to move to a new location

23. Push factor

a factor that induces people to leave old locations

24. Quota

In reference to migration, a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

25. Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

26. Remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

27. Step migration

Migration that follows a path of a series of stages or steps towards a final destination

28. Unauthorized immigrant

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so

29. Voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

30. What are some reasons a person might want to leave without a pull factor/not a set place to go

Evacuation, war, dangers in general

32. What is migration a form of? (besides relocation diffusion)

mobility

51. Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

52. Antinatalist policy

government policy that supports lower birth rates

53. Arable

land suitable for agriculture

54. Arithmetic density

The total of number of people divided by the total land area

55. Carrying Capacity

The population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources

56. Census

A complete enumeration of a population.

57. Crude Birth Rate(CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

58. Crude Death Rate(CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

59. Demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

60. Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

61. Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

62. Doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

63. Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

64. Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

65. Epidemiological Transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

66. Epidemiology

the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

67. Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

68. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under the age of 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

69. Life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

70. Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)

71. Medical revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

72. Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

73. Overpopulation

A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

74. Pandemic

An epidemic that is geographically widespread and affects a large proportion of the population

75. Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

76. Population pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

77. potential support ratio

The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older.

78. Pronatalist policy

government policy that supports higher birth rates

79. Sex ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

80. Total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

81. Zero population

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

82. Three pillars of sustainability?

environment, economy, society

83. Economic pillar

The belief that sustainability must include efforts to set prices of commodities and goods not only on supply and demand, but also on costs to the environment.

84. Environmental pillar

The sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation is conservation

85. Social pillar

Humans need shelter, food, and clothing to survive, so they make use of resources to meet these needs

86. Equilibriumtime

A period that means there were the same number of births and deaths

87. Pestilence

everything that can kill you, basic

88. Stage 1 causes of death

pestilence + famine

89. Stage 2 causes of death

disease

90. Stage 3 causes of death

degenerative disease

91. Stage 4 causes of death

delayed degenerative disease = epidemiological transition

107. Abiotic

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

108. Absolute location

Description of the place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude

109. Acculturation

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of the two groups, each of which remains distinct cultural features

110. Assimilation

The process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

111. Atmosphere

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

112. Behavioral geography

An approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for human actions in space

113. Biosphere

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms

114. Biotic

Composed of living organisms

115. Cartogram

A map in which the projection and scale distorted in order to convey the info a variable

116. Cartography

The science of making maps

117. Choropleth map

A map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion of the measurement of the variable

118. Citizen science

scientific research by amateur scientists

119. Climate

The long-term weather condition at a particular location

120. Concentration

The extent of a feature's spread over a given area

121. Connection

The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

122. Conservation

The sustainable management of a natural resource to meet human needs

123. Contagious diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

124. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

Informally, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian or 0 degrees longitude

125. Cultural ecology

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

126. Cultural landscape

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

127. Culture

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

128. Density

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

129. Diffusion

The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

130. Distance Decay

The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

131. Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface

132. Dot Distribution Map

A map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. Each dot represents a predetermined number of donations, which could be one or many

133. Ecology

The scientific study of ecosystems

134. Ecosystem

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

135. Environmental determinism

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

136. Expansion diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

137. Formal region ( or uniform region )

An area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics

138. Functional region ( or nodal region )

An area organized around a node or focal point.