Unit 4 AP GOPO

Which of the following positions qualify as a civil service job?

post worker

Which of the following rules are created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented?

regulations

From which level do the circuit court hear appeals?

the supreme court

Which of the following courts hears & weighs evidence in order to reach the first decision in a civil or criminal case?

original jurisdiction

Which of the following can modify or reverse a decision of the Supreme Court?

a constitutional amendment

Cabinet secretaries are nominated by __________ and confirmed by __________.

the president; the Senate

Which statement about the quasi-judicial decisions made by government agencies is accurate?

They can be reviewed by federal courts.

Under amendments to the Hatch Act (1939), federal employees are prohibited from __________.

running for partisan office

Which of the following is an example of an independent executive agency?

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Which of the following confirms all federal judges?

Senate

Cases generally begin at which level of the courts?

trial

In 1869, Congress set the number of Supreme Court Justices at __________.

nine

In __________ the Supreme Court demonstrated its policy-making power by overruling its own prior decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Brown v. Board of Education

Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important?

concurring

Which of the following was the civil service system created to address?

The spoils system

Which government agency is responsible for communicating Presidential budgetary priorities to the government agencies and then receiving budget requests from those same agencies?

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Once the House votes for impeachment, the President

is tried by the Senate

Which theory of policymaking holds that policy is an outcome of government agencies acting to assert their prerogatives and enhance their power?

bureaucracy theory

Which of the following is one of the President's powers as the nation's chief diplomat?

negotiating treaties with other nations

The rationale for all civil service systems is based on

the merit principle

Which of the following statements describes an appropriate use of executive privilege?

the president refuses to reveal classified national security documents

What could be one reason why the last two presidents have been so forthcoming with executive actions so early in their administrations?

both presidents felt pressure to satisfy their supports by overturning the policies of their predecessors

Bureaucracies are often criticized as being undemocratic because

they are not directly accountable to the people

How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed?

The bill can be reintroduced during the next session of Congress.

A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision.

certiorari

The main intent of "motor voter: laws is to

increase voter registration

Why are there currently 435 members in the House of Representatives?

The number is fixed by a statute.

Which positions qualify as a civil service job?

Post worker.

What rules are created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented?

Regulations.

From which level do the circuit courts hear appeals?

The Supreme Court.

Which courts hear and weigh evidence to reach the first decision in a civil or criminal case?

Courts of original jurisdiction.

What can modify or reverse a decision of the Supreme Court?

A constitutional amendment.

What was a consequence of the spoils system?

The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who often lacked expertise.

Who nominates cabinet secretaries and who confirms them?

The president nominates; the Senate confirms.

What is accurate about quasi-judicial decisions made by government agencies?

They can be reviewed by federal courts.

How did the Pendleton Act (1883) reform the hiring and firing of federal employees?

It required decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty.

What is an example of the merit system?

Agencies hiring people based on their performance on entrance exams.

What law introduced the civil service system in 1883?

The Pendleton Act.

Who is Congress's watchdog over executive branch spending?

The General Accountability Office (GAO).

What are federal employees prohibited from under amendments to the Hatch Act (1939)?

Running for partisan office.

What is an example of an independent executive agency?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Who confirms all federal judges?

The Senate.

At which level do cases generally begin?

Trial level.

What number of Supreme Court Justices was set by Congress in 1869?

Nine.

Where are the vast majority of all cases tried?

State courts.

What was the civil service system created to address?

The spoils system.

Which agency communicates Presidential budgetary priorities to government agencies?

Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

What happens once the House votes for impeachment?

The President is tried by the Senate.

Which theory of policymaking asserts that policy is an outcome of government agencies acting to enhance their power?

Bureaucracy theory.

What is one of the President's powers as the nation's chief diplomat?

Negotiating treaties with other nations.

What is the rationale for all civil service systems based on?

The merit principle.

Why might the last two presidents have been forthcoming with executive actions early in their administrations?

Both presidents felt pressure to satisfy their supporters by overturning the policies of their predecessors.

Why are bureaucracies often criticized as being undemocratic?

They are not directly accountable to the people.

what philosophies contradicts Hamilton's stance on the role of the judiciary?

judicial activism

The principal reason that presidents have trouble getting things done is that

other policymakers with whom they deal have their own agendas, interests, and sources of power

The President's role in the legislative process

is especially important in influencing Congress's agenda

Currently, a major concern in regards to the federal workforce is ___________.*

the large number of workers who will soon be eligible to retire

Which law designates the steps that federal agencies must follow in issuing rules and regulations?*

the Administrative Procedures Act

Federal law requires that agencies must take what step before issuing new rules and regulations?*

They must solicit public comments.

Under amendments to the Hatch Act (1939), federal employees are prohibited from __________

running for partisan office

Each state has _____ senators, each of whom serves a ___-year term.

2;6

Members of the house are apportioned to states based on ___. They serve ___-year terms.

Population; 2

Which statement best characterizes a subcommittee hearing?

Those opposed and those of a bill can voice their opinions on it to the subcommittee.

When is the staff of a member of congress most likely to have an influence over how he or she votes on a given bill?

When the bill is non-ideological

What is the typical trajectory of a bill in the house of representatives?

Introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, committee on rules, full house vote, conference committee, full house vote, send to president.

Which of the following was a consequence of the spoils, or patronage, system?

The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who often lacked expertise.

How did the Pendleton Act (1883) reform the system of hiring and firing of most federal employees?

It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty

Only a(n) __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court

appellate

What role is the Environmental Protection Agency taking when it sets limits on air pollution from power plants?

regulation

Congress and the president share which of the following powers over agencies and departments in the federal bureaucracy?

The power to influence budget

The ___ act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.

Judiciary

Which of the following can modify or reverse a decision of the supreme court?

A constitutional amendment

All federal judicial nominations are first referred to which of the following for a hearing?

Senate Judiciary Committee

If a judge believes that she should only strike down laws that clearly violates the Constitution, she likely believes in which of the following?

Judicial restraint

A court that hears and weighs evidence in order to reach the first decision in a civil or criminal case is a court of ___ jurisdiction.

Original

How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as judicial __________.

implementation

A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision

certiorari

Following oral arguments, the justices gather for a____during which they discuss the case and cast preliminary votes.

review

Which Article of the Constitution creates the federal judiciary?

Article III

How many tiers does the federal judiciary have?

three

Courts established by Congress for specialized purposes are known as __________ courts.

legislative

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

nine

The ___ consists of the Departments, a things, and all it's within the executive branch that preform the functions of government.

bureaucracy

What has to happen in congress in order for the president to be impeached and removed from office?

The house must impeach the president with a simple majority; the chief justice presides over a senate trial that must convict with a two-thirds majority.

Only a(n) ____ court can review the decisions of a lower court.

appelate

Federal district court judges are appointed to_____terms.

life

Courts established by Congress for specialized purposes are known as ____courts

legislative

Who presides over trials for presidential impeachment?

chief justice

What is executive privilege?

The implied power of the president to keep communications confidential.

Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting according to a delegate view of representation?

A legislator follows the public opinion of his or her constituency.

According to Marbury v. Madison, which clause implies the right of the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review?

the supremacy clause

The authority to be the first court to hear a case is which type of jurisdiction?

original

Who nominates judges to the U.S. district courts?

the president

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between congress and the judiciary?

The supreme court has been overturning more acts of congress in recent years than it has in the past.

The president has the authority to __________.

make changes in an agency's annual budget proposals

Which term refers to an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important?

per curiam

The __________ consists of the departments, agencies, and offices within the executive branch that perform the functions of government.

bureaucracy

US. v. Nixon (1974)

Executive Privilege

Stare Decisis

Stare decisis refers to the idea that the courts should generally defer to the precedent established by previous court decisions. The phrase derives from the Latin maxim Stare decisis et non quieta movere, or "stand by decisions and not disturb the undisturbed." common law legal systems like that of the United States, stare decisis encourages courts to decide similar cases in similar ways. In this way, it is closely linked to the principle of equality before the law.