Spanish tenses

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10 Terms

1
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Presente (Present Tense)

Usage: Actions happening now or general truths.
Form: Stem + present endings.

  • -ar: o, as, a, amos, áis, an

  • -er: o, es, e, emos, éis, en

  • -ir: o, es, e, imos, ís, en

Examples:

  • Yo hablo español. (I speak)

  • Ellos comen pizza. (They eat)

  • Nosotros vivimos en Madrid. (We live)

2
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Pretérito (Preterite)

Usage: Completed past actions with a definite beginning/end.
Form: Stem + preterite endings.

  • -ar: é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron

  • -er/-ir: í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron

Examples:

  • Ayer hice mi tarea. (I did my homework yesterday)

  • Ellos fueron al cine. (They went to the movies)

3
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Imperfecto (Imperfect)

Usage: Ongoing/repeated past actions, descriptions, “used to,” “was/were -ing.”
Form: Stem + imperfect endings.

  • -ar: aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban

  • -er/-ir: ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

Examples:

  • Yo hablaba con mi abuela. (I used to talk)

  • Ellos comían cada día. (They used to eat)

4
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Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect)

Usage: Actions that have happened recently or still affect the present.
Form: haber (present) + past participle

  • he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han

Examples:

  • He hablado con el profesor. (I have spoken)

  • Ellos han comido mucho hoy. (They have eaten)

5
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Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect)

Usage: Actions that had happened before another past action.
Form: haber (imperfect) + past participle

  • había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían

Examples:

  • Ya había hecho mi tarea. (I had done my homework)

  • Ella había dicho la verdad. (She had told the truth)

6
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Futuro (Future)

Usage: Actions that will happen.
Form: Infinitive + future endings.

  • é, ás, á, emos, éis, án

Examples:

  • Yo hablaré mañana. (I will speak)

  • Ellos tendrán éxito. (They will have success)

7
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Futuro Perfecto (Future Perfect)

Usage: Actions that will have happened by a certain point.
Form: haber (future) + past participle

  • habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán

Examples:

  • Para el lunes, habré terminado. (By Monday, I will have finished)

  • Ellos habrán dicho todo. (They will have said everything)

8
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Condicional (Conditional)

Usage: Hypotheticals, “would” actions.
Form: Infinitive + conditional endings.

  • ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

Examples:

  • Yo hablaría si tuviera tiempo. (I would speak)

  • Ellos comerían más, pero no hay comida. (They would eat)

9
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Condicional Perfecto (Conditional Perfect)

Usage: Actions that would have happened but didn’t.
Form: haber (conditional) + past participle

  • habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían

Examples:

  • Yo habría estudiado más. (I would have studied)

  • Ellos habrían ido contigo. (They would have gone)

10
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Subjuntivo (Present Subjunctive)

Usage: Doubts, wishes, emotions, recommendations, uncertainty.
Form: Start with yo form (present) → drop the “-o” → add opposite endings.

  • -ar → e, es, e, emos, éis, en

  • -er/-ir → a, as, a, amos, áis, an

Examples:

  • Espero que hables conmigo. (I hope you speak)

  • Dudo que ellos coman tanto. (I doubt they eat that much)