Nail Technology Milady Ch. 10 Basics of Chemistry

Which branch of science focuses on the study of substances that contain the element carbon?

Organic chemistry

All living things contain:

Carbon

Which of the following is not an organic substance?

Air

The study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen is:

Inorganic chemistry

All mater:

Has physical and chemical properties, is made from chemicals, exists in the former of a solid, liquid or gas.

Which of the following is NOT a chemical?

Light

Energy:

Does NOT occupy space, Does NOT have mass

What is the letter symbol for carbon?

C

A(n) ______ is the smallest chemical particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Atom

What is the symbol for atmospheric oxygen?

O2

How many atoms are in a molecule?

At least two

Which of the following is a chemical free product?

None of the answers. NOT bleach, NOT water, NOT nail polish remover.

Common table salt is an example of a(n)

Compound molecule

When water boils it:

Changes its physical form to a gas.

Which of the following has a definite volume, but not a definite shape?

Liquids

Weight is an example of a:

Physical property

When an abrasive file is used on the nail plate and both the nail plate and file are changed, a(n)_________ occurs.

Physical change

Which of the following is a pure substance?

An element, an atom & a compound molecule.

Salt water is an example of a(n)

Physical mixture.

To make a popular instant beverage, you mix sugar, water, and powder flavoring together, creating a solution. Which of these items is the solvent?

The water

Water and oil are:

Immiscible liquids

Suspensions:

Contain particles that are generally visible to the naked eye, are not usually transparent, contain larger and less miscible particles than solutions.

The binding agent that allows immiscible liquids to join together in an emulsion is called a(n)

Emulsifier

A properly formulated emulsion, stored under ideal conditions, can be stable for up to:

3 years

The tail of a surfactant molecule is:

Lipophilic

Mayonnaise is an example of a(n):

Oil-in-water emulsion

Foot balm is an example of a(n):

Water-in-oil emulsion

Pomades and pastes are made with a combination of petroleum and what two other substances?

Oil and wax

Volatile alcohol is alcohol that:

Evaporates easily.

Glycerin is a(n) _______ substance.

Oily

A volatile organic compound contains which of the following?

Carbon

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called a(n):

Ion

When ionization occurs, the resulting ions:

Have opposite electrical charges.

The more ______ ions a substance has, the more acidic it will be.

Hydrogen

A product must contain _______ to have a pH.

Water

Pure water:

Has an equal balance of acid and alkaline.

A solution is neutral if it's pH is:

7.0

The pH scale ranges from:

0 to 14

A pH of 10 is ______ than a pH of 8.

100 times more alkaline.

An acidic solution will turn litmus paper from:

Blue to red.

An alkali:

Feels slippery and soapy on the skin

Nail polish is an example of a(n)

Inorganic substance.

Electricity is considered:

Energy

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

90

Matter exists in what three states?

Solid, liquid, and gas.