Graphics and Design

Flashcards from Graphics and Design Lecture

Geometric shapes (circles, lines, rectangles)

What are vector graphics made of?

Shape type, position (x, y), size, fill & line color

What properties of shapes are stored in vector graphics?

Change shape, size, position, and color easily.

What does it mean for vector graphics to be editable?

Resizes without pixelation

What does it mean for vector graphics to be scalable?

Stores properties, not pixels.

Why do vector graphics have a small file size?

Clip art, PowerPoint illustrations, logos

Where are vector graphics commonly used?

Each shape is an object.

In vector graphics, what is each shape considered?

Clean at any size.

What is the appearance of vector graphics at any size?

Analogous, complementary, or monochromatic

Name three common color schemes to use in graphic design.

Adobe Color (formerly Adobe Kuler)

What tool can be used to design color schemes?

Logos, animation, signage

What are some applications of vector graphics?

Cartoons, vector art

Give another application of vector graphics?

CAD, architectural plans, 3D models

What other technical uses exist for vector graphics?

Accuracy and scalability

Why are maps often created using vector graphics?

Text made of shapes and curves

How is text represented in vector graphics?

Logos using fills, gradients, shape tools

What can be created using practical vector graphic skills?

Experimenting with resizing and color combinations

What should you practice to improve vector graphic skills?

Also called raster graphics.

What is another name for bitmap graphics?

Pixels (tiny squares of color)

What are bitmap graphics made of?

Each pixel is individually stored.

How are pixels stored in bitmap graphics?

Larger file size.

What is the file size of bitmap graphics that contain more detail?

Pixelation

What happens when resizing bitmap graphics?

Colors stored in binary.

How are colors represented in bitmap graphics?

2 colors (B/W)

How many colors can be represented with 1 bit?

4 colors

How many colors can be represented with 2 bits?

16 colors

How many colors can be represented with 4 bits?

256 colors

How many colors can be represented with 8 bits?

Larger file size

What does more bits representing more colors lead to?

0 or 1

What are the possible values of 1 Bit?

1 Byte

How many bits are in 1 Byte?

1 KB

How many bytes are in 1 KB?

1 MB

How many KB are in 1 MB?

1 GB

How many MB are in 1 GB?

Photos, scanned images

What are common uses for bitmap graphics?

Digital camera images, magazine covers

Give another example of bitmap uses.

.bmp, .jpg, .png, .gif

What are common bitmap file formats?

Light hits each pixel on sensor.

What is the first step in how cameras work?

Sensor records color/light info to form image.

What is the second step in how cameras work?

Pixels

What are bitmap graphics made up of?

Shapes/objects

What are vector graphics made up of?

Large

What is the typical file size of bitmap graphics?

Small

What is the typical file size of vector graphics?

Loses quality

What happens to the quality of bitmap graphics when resizing?

No quality loss

What happens to the quality of vector graphics when resizing?

Realistic

What is the typical appearance of bitmap graphics?

Simplified or stylized

What is the typical appearance of vector graphics?

Photos

What are bitmap graphics best for?

Logos, scalable art

What are vector graphics best for?

.jpg, .bmp, .gif

What are common file formats for bitmap graphics?

.svg, .wmf

What are common file formats for vector graphics?

Use consistent, minimal font styles.

What is a key guideline for using fonts and typography?

Traditional/formal

What tone do serif fonts typically convey?

Times New Roman

Give an example of a common serif font.

Modern/clean

What tone do sans serif fonts typically convey?

Arial

Give an example of a common sans serif font.

Visual storytelling

What role do design elements play in posters?

Mood, genre, character roles

What can sky color, lighting, posture, and props indicate in a poster?

Dots Per Inch

What does DPI stand for?

Web/screen

What is 72 DPI typically used for?

Print

What is 300+ DPI typically used for?

High-quality print

What is 1200 DPI typically used for?

Sharper image

What does higher resolution result in?

Larger file size

What is the drawback of higher resolution?

Remove unwanted parts.

What is the purpose of cropping images?

Isolate objects

What is cutting/selection used for in image editing?

Softens edges

What does feathering do to the edges of an image?

Levels or Curves tools

Which tools are used to adjust contrast/brightness?

Organize visuals

What do layers help with in design?

Setting

What does the background layer typically represent?

People, objects

What does the foreground layer typically represent?

Light, smoke, reflection

What do effects layers contain?

Changes what appears in front/back

What does rearranging layers do?

Create a movie poster

What is the final task in the design project overview?

Layers, cutouts, typography, effects

What tools are used in the design project?

.PSD

What format should you save in to keep layers editable?

Controls color intensity.

What does saturation control in design?

Vibrant

What does high saturation result in?

Dull/faded

What does low saturation result in?

How light/dark

What does brightness control in design?

Difference between light & dark parts

What does contrast control in design?

"Less is more"

What principle guides simplicity in design?

Avoid clutter

What should you avoid to achieve simplicity in design?

Clearer message

What does simplicity lead to in design?

Distraction

What does too many effects lead to in design?

Empty space

What is white space?

Important!

How important is white space in design?

Makes text/images stand out

What does white space do for text and images?

Improves readability

How does white space affect readability?

Adds professional appearance

What kind of appearance does white space add?

Font choice sets tone - match font with purpose.

What is the first rule of typography?

Keep it consistent - too many fonts = messy.

What is the second rule of typography?

Limit font types - max 1-2 per design.

What is the third rule of typography?

Use bold carefully - highlight only key info.

What is the fourth rule of typography?

White space = clarity - don't fill every space.

What is the fifth rule of typography?

Geometric shapes

Vector graphics use what type of shapes?

Shape, position, size, color

What properties do computers store for vector graphics?

Easily

How can you change the properties in vector graphics?

Without pixelation

How do vector graphics resize?

Properties, not pixels

What do vector graphics store, leading to smaller file sizes?

Logos

Vector graphics are often used to create what?