Chapter 11: Stereotypes, Prejudice, & Discrimination (Social Psych)

What is the cognitive component in our perceptions of group members and/or the positive or negative beliefs that we hold about the characteristics of social groups?

Stereotype

What is an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup or toward the members of that outgroup?

Prejudice

Our stereotypes and prejudices are problematic because they may cause ________, which is the unjustified negative behaviors toward members of outgroups based on their group membership.

Discrimination

Relationships among social groups are influenced by the ______ of social psychology.

ABCs

What occurs when we think about others in terms of their category memberships rather than on the basis of other more personal information about the individual and/or cognitively place others into social groups?

Social categorization

Prejudice and ingroup favoritism is which part of the ABCs?

Affect

Stereotyping is which part of the ABCs?

Cognition

Discrimination is which part of the ABCs?

Behavior

What is the tendency to see members of outgroups groups as similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (which is particularly strong for members of outgroups)?

Outgroup homogeneity

What is the principle of our tendency to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us?

Assimilation

True or false? Some people are not aware of their stereotypes and prejudice and are not likely to admit these beliefs.

True

What is a Havard-developed exam that assesses an individual’s reaction time, stereotypes, and prejudice by letting them match stimuli?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

What is the term for performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes?

Stereotype threat

What is the tendency to respond more positively to people from our ingroups than we do to people from outgroups?

Ingroup favoritism

What is a personality dimension that characterizes people who prefer things to be simple rather than complex and who tend to hold traditional and conventional values?

Authoritarianism

Why are authoritarians ingroup-favoring?

They have a need to self-enhance and in part because they prefer simplicity and thus find it easy to think simply: “We are all good and they are less good.”

What is a personality variable that refers to the tendency to see and to accept inequality among different groups?

Social dominance orientation (SDO)

Does suppressing one’s stereotypes work at all?

Not really since these beliefs quickly pop back into mind, making it even more likely that they would immediately be used laterTr

True or false? People who are more educated express fewer stereotypes and prejudice in general.

True

What is the idea that intergroup contact will reduce prejudice known as?

The contact hypothesis

The positive effects of intergroup contact may be due in part to increases in _________.

Other-concern

What is an approach to learning in which students from different racial or ethnic groups work together, in an interdependent way, to master material?

Jigsaw classroom

What is the idea that prejudice can be reduced for people who have friends who are friends with members of the outgroup?

The extended-contact hypothesis

The attempt to reduce prejudice by creating a superordinate categorization is known as the goal of creating a ______________.

Common ingroup identity

What is the positive self-esteem that we get from our group memberships?

Social identity

What is the strong devaluation of ingroup members who threaten the positive image and identity of the ingroup known as?

The black sheep effect

What has been found to be an effective way to reduce discrimination?

Thinking of a non-stereotypical example