HESI Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions?

calcium

What cavity would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?

pelvic cavity

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

What is the major function of simple columnar epithelium?

secretion or absorption

A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

epithelial

Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as?

neuroglia

Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs?

connective

What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs?

cell

Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads?

meiosis

In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?

heel of the foot

What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion?

eccrine glands

Skin aids in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating in the production of what vitamin?

vitamin D

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? (support of the body, hemopoiesis, conduct impulses, and provide protection)

conduct impulses

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. What is he describing?

diaphysis

You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needlelike structures. What is the tissue?

spongy bone

Which of the following bones is the only moveable bone of the skull?

mandible

Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body?

sodium

Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles?

They are under conscious control.

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?

neurons

Motor or ___________ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS.

efferent

Jeffery has contracted poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis?

The medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration.

What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?

hormones

Which of the following is NOT a tropic hormone? somatotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), antidiuretic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

antidiuretic hormone

What are the functions of the following leukocytes - monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils?

monocytes - become macrophages

lymphocytes - important in immune response

neutrophils - phagocytize microorganisms

The heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following?

sinoatrial node

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction result from which of the following?

relaxation and constriction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall

Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells in the body?

capillary

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?

external respiration

In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen?

contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?

It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells.

How does the trachea remain open like a hollow tube?

Supporting cartilaginous rings keep it open

The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called what?

chyme

What is the function of aldosterone?

It conserves sodium in the body.

All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed where for decontamination?

liver

Which are the functional units of the kidney?

nephrons

What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?

production of gametes and production of hormones

In men, spermatozoa develop within the ____________________ of each testis.

seminiferous tubules

Testicular activity is under the control of which hormone(s)?

Both FSH and LH

Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?

estrogen

During pregnancy, what organ produces the hormones that maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production?

placenta

Is the hip proximal or distal to the knee?

proximal

You have been given a sample of tissue that has pillar-shaped cells arranged tightly together. The tissue you have is:

columnar epithelium

The epidermis is classified as a(n):

tissue

Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Which of the following is NOT true of skeletal muscle?

comprises 10% body weight, attaches to bones by tendons, muscle contraction keeps body warm, continuously contracts to maintain posture

comprises 10% body weight

If an impulse is traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron?

sensory neuron

What does the parathyroid hormone regular?

calcium

Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors (specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration) located?

carotid body

Bile is secreted into what organ?

small intestine

What is the role of progesterone in the female reproductive system?

stimulates the development of the endometrium