IFS Unit 10: Pelvis

greater pelvis

surrounded by the superior pelvic girdle and provided protection for inferior abdominal viscera

lesser pelvis

surrounded by the inferior pelvic girdle providing skeletal framework for pelvic cavity and perineum

what separates the compartments of the trunk

the diaphragm

what covers the pelvis anteriorly

anterolateral abdominal wall

what covers the pelvis posteriorly

gluteal region

perineum

area of the surface of the trunk between the thighs and buttock extending from coccyx to pubis

contents of the perineum

anus and external genetalia (penis, scrotum, vulva)

acetabulum

cup like depression that articulates with the head of the femur

what happens to the hip bone after puberty

it is formed by the fusing of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

sacroiliac joint

The connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column. (pelvic girdle)

features of the ilium

largest most superior part of hip bone

thick medial portions for weight bearing

thin wing like lateral portions for muscle attachments

where do the gluteal muscles attach to

the ilium

what attached to the iliac fossa

illiacus muscle

auricular surface of ilium

surface forming the syndesmotic articulation with the sacrum

ischial ramus forms what

obturator foramen

what part of the pubis forms part of the acetabulum

superior ramus

what part of the pubis forms part of the obturator foramen

inferior ramus

pelvic girdle

ring of bones that connect the vertebral column to the femurs

function of the pelvic girdle

bear upper body weight

transfer weight from axial to lower appendicular skeleton

muscle attachments for posture and walking

support and protect abdomen and viscera

how does the pelvic girdle transmit forces from the lower body to vertebral column

through trabecular systems

male vs female pelvis differences

females pelvis is wider for child bearing and has a wider suprapubic angle

what makes up the innominate or os coxae bone

ilium, ischium, pubis

sacrotuberous ligament

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

sacrospinous ligaments

ischial spines to lateral border of sacrum and coccyx

posterior sacroiliac ligament

strong ligament spanning the sacrum and ilium of the hip bone that supports the posterior side of the sacroiliac joint

interosseous ligament of sacroiliac joint

deep to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments providing resistance to anterior and inferior sacral movement

what do the sacroiliac ligaments resist

anterior and inferior rotation of sacrum

what reinforces the external hip joint capsule

iliofemoral l

pubofemoral l

ischiofemoral l

when standing how is weight transferred in the body

from the axial skeleton to the ilium through the sacroiliac ligaments then to the femurs

when sitting how is weight transferred in the body

from the axial skeleton to the ilium through the sacroiliac ligaments to the ischial tuberosities

what is the primary structure for transferring weight to the upper body from the axial skeleton to the ilium of the appendicular

interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

pelvic floor function

support viscera

sphincter control

sexual function

stabilizes trunk with extremity movement

lymphatic pump

what forms the pelvic floor

pelvic diaphragm

pubic bones

ilium

sacrum and coccyx

what muscles for the pelvic floor

levator ani and coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

levator ani muscles

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

levator ani function

urinary and fecal continence

supports intestines

contractions support viscera during periods of increased intraabdominal pressure

obturator membrane

strong interlacing fibers filling the obturator foramen

obturator internus

lines the lateral wall of the pelvis

obturator internus origin

ilium, ischium, and obturator membrane

obturator internus insertion

greater trochanter

obturator internus innervation

n to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

obturator internus action

lateral thigh rotation

assists in holding femur in acetabulum

piriformis origin

pelvic surface S2-S4

greater sciatic notch

sacrotuberous l

piriformis insertion

greater trochanter

piriformis innervation

anterior rami S1 and S2

piriformis action

external rotation femur

abduction of femur

ischiococcygeus origin

ischial spine

ischiococcygeus insertion

inferior sacrum and coccyx

ischiococcygeus innervation

S4 and S5 spinal nerves

ischiococcygeus action

supports pelvic viscera

flexes coccyx

levator ani origin

body of pubis

tendinous arch of obturator fascia

ischial spine

lavator ani insertion

perineal body

coccyx

anococcygeal ligaement

walls of rectum, prostate, and vagina

levator ani innervation

nerve to levator ani (S4)

inferior rectal n

coccygeal plexus

levator ani action

support pelvic viscera and resist intraabdominal pressure

does the pelvis arteries have anstomoses

yest multiple allowing for extensive collateral circulation

internal iliac artery supplies

most pelvic viscera and some musculoskeletal branches

what is the prinipal artery of the pelvis

internal iliac artery

where does the common iliac split into internal and external

at L5 and S1 intervertebral disc

gonadal arteries origin

abdominal aorta

gonadal arteries supply

ureters

testis

epididymis

ovary

ampullary end of uterine tube

superior rectal artery origin

continuation of the inferior mesenteric

superior rectal artery supplies

superior rectum

median sacral artery comes from

posterior abdominal aorta

median sacral artery supplies

lumbar vertebrae

sacrum

coccyx

internal iliac artery comes from

common iliac artery

umbilical artery comes from

anterior division of internal iliac

umbilical artry supplies

superior bladder

some ductus deferens via superior vesical

superior vesical artery comes from

anterior internal iliac artery artery

superior vesical artery supplies

inferior bladder

pelvic ureter

prostate

seminal glands

obturator artery comes from

ant division of internal iliac

obturator artery supplies

pelvic muscles

ilium

femur head

medial thigh muscles

inferior vesical artery comes from

anterior division of internal iliac in males only

inferior vesical artery supplies

inferior bladder

pelvic ureter

prostate

seminal glands

artery to ductus deferens comes from

superior or inferior vesical artery in males only

prostatic branches come from

common iliac artery

prostatic branches supply

prostate and prostatic urethra

uterine artery comes from

internal iliac iliac artery

uterine artery supplies

uterus

uterine ligaments

medial uterine tube and ovary

superior vagina

vaginal artery comes from

continuation of inferior mesenteric artery

vaginal artery supplies

ingerior vagina

vestibular bulb

rectum

fundus or bladder

inferior pudendal artery comes from

anterior internal iliac artery

inferior pudendal artery supplies

perineum

skin and muscles of anal and urogenital triangles

erectile bodies

middle rectal artery comes from

anterior internal iliac

,iddle rectal artery supplies

inferior rectum

seminal glands

prostate

inferior gluteal artery comes from

anterior internal iliac

inferior gluteal artery supplies

pelvic diaphragm

piriformis

quadratus femoris

superior hamstrings

glute max

sciatic nerve

posterior internal iliac artery supplies

pelvic wall and gluteal region

iliolumbar artery comes from

posterior internal iliac artery

iliolumbar artery supplies

psoas major

iliacus

quadratus lumborum

cauda equina

lateral sacral artery comes from

posterior internal iliac

lateral sacral artery supplies

piriformis

sacral canal structures

erector spinae

overlying skin

superior gluteal artery comes from

posterior internal iliac

superior gluteal artery supplies

glute Medius

piriformis

tensor fascia latae

how is blood drained and returned through veins from the pelvis

multiple plexuses unite and are drained by internal iliac veins which from the common iliac veins into the inferior vena cava

somatic pelvic nerves

sacral plexus and coccygeal plexus

ilioinguinal nerve comes from

L1

genitofemoral nerve comes from

L1 and L2

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve comes from

L2 and L3

Femoral nerve comes from

L2, 3, 4