POS MULTIPLE CHOICE

What is Duverger’s Law?

Elections decided by plurality or majority rule yield a two-party system

What is NOT a reason why third parties are rarely successful?

Lack of ads

Which type of primary system is designed so that only registered voters affiliated with a certain party can vote in primary elections?

Closed primary

How does social sorting impact the electorate?

 

Voters are increasingly surrounding themselves with others who agree with them politically

What is the main argument being made by Clarke about party sub-brands?

 

Legislators create factional institutions as a means of clarifying their ideological position

How many Justices must agree to hear a case before it will officially be heard by the Supreme Court?

Four

What is judicial review?

 

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

What is the key assumption being tested by Segal and Cover?

 

That Supreme Court Justices' votes are strongly dependent on their attitudes, values, or personal policy preferences

Judges and Justices who change doctrine to conform with their view of the Constitution in a changing society are exercising judicial _____:

Activism

What are the three corners of an iron triangle?

 

Agency staff, members of Congress, and organized interest groups

What are insider tactics most dependent on?

 

Personal access to lawmakers

Which of the following was NOT one of the major takeaways from the Citizens United v. FEC case?

 

Held that restrictions on speech from corporations are indeed constitutional

What is the most accurate statement regarding the presence of Political Action Committees (PACs) in our elections?

The number of them have grown significantly

What is one possible solution that interest groups may use to solve the free-rider problem?

Material incentives

Which heuristic (shortcut) is most often used by voters to make an informed decision with less than full information?

Party affiliation

What has been the trend with split-ticket voting in the last several decades?

 

Split-ticket voting has declined

Which of the following is true regarding negative (attack) ads?

 

They make people more likely to stay home on Election Day

Which system became the norm for bureaucratic positions after the assassination of President James A. Garfield?

Merit system

What is a double-barreled question?

 

Asking two separate questions while only allowing for one answer​

What is essentializing?

 

The act of seeing a trait or characteristic of a person as an essential feature of that person

Who is the most likely to be influenced by political talk heard on soft news?

 

Those with loosely-held beliefs

What is the CNN Effect?

 

The idea that live communication technologies can provoke major responses to global events

What is cognitive effect?

 

The manipulation of information to change thoughts or behaviors

Which of the following is not an element of what Downs believed society would face as a result of living in "imperfect knowledge"?

Civic skills

Which of the following has NOT happened to local news in recent years?

 

More feel-good stories rather than hard news

According to Budak et al., "major news organizations present topics in a largely nonpartisan manner" except in cases of what?

Political scandals

"A government action that stops someone from doing something before they are able to do it (e.g., forbidding someone to publish a book they plan to release)" defines which term?

Prior restraint

Which is an example of media framing?

 

The creation of a specific narrative surrounding a news story, later broadcasted with a certain angle in mind