Tble 2

Methanol

CNS depression , metabolic acidosis blindness

Ethanol

CNS depression , hypoglycemia , metabolic acidosis

Isopropanol

CNS depression , hypotension , Gl irritation

Ethylene Glycol

CNS depression metabolic acidosis renal failure

Benzene

Bone marrow suppression , leukemia , CNS depression

Toluene

CNS depression , renal tubular acidosis , arrhythmias

Xylene

CNS depression respiratory irritation dizziness

Phenol

Burns , CNS depression , metabolic acidosis cardiac arrest

Formaldehyde

Eye and respiratory irritation , carcinogenesis

Acetone

CNS depression , hypotension , Gl irritation

Carbon Tetrachloride

Hepatotoxicity , nephrotoxicity , CNS depression

Chloroform

CNS depression hepatotoxicity , arrhythmias

Paracetamol Acetaminophen

Hepatotoxicity nausea , liver failure

Aspirin ( Salicylates )

Tinnitus , metabolic acidosis , respiratory alkalosis

Organophosphates

Salivation , lacrimation , muscle twitching , paralysis

Carbamate Insecticides

Salivation , muscle weakness , CNS depression

Aniline

Cyanosis , methemoglobinemia dizziness

Methanol

Metabolized to formaldehyde and formic acid , causing optic nerve damage

Ethanol

Enhances GABAergic activity disrupts glucose metabolism

Isopropanol

Metabolized to acetone , causing metabolic effects

Ethylene Glycol

Metabolized to glycolic and oxalic acids , causing acidosis and kidney damage

Benzene

Disrupts DNA synthesis and hematopoietic function

Toluene

CNS depressant , disrupts renal tubule ion gradients

Xylene

CNS depressant , disrupts neuronal signaling

Phenol

Disrupts cellular proteins and lipid membranes

Acetone

Reacts with DNA and cellular proteins , causing damage

Acetone

Disrupts neuronal signaling

Carbon Tetrachloride

Generates free radicals , causing liver and kidney damage

Chloroform

CNS depressant sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines

Paracetamol ( Acetaminophen )

Overproduction of toxic metabolite ( NAPQI ) , causing liver damage

Aspirin ( Salicylates

Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation , causing acidosis

Organophosphates

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase causing cholinergic crisis

Carbamate Insecticides

Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Aniline

Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin ,

Ethanol , Fomepizole , Sodium bicarbonate , hemodialysis

Antidote Methanol

Supportive care , IV fluids with glucose , Thiamine

Antidote Ethanol

Supportive care , IV fluids , hemodialysis severe cases )

Antidote Isopropanol

severe cases Ethanol , Fomepizole , Sodium bicarbonate , hemodialysis

Antidote Ethylene Glycol

Benzene

Antidote Supportive care , avoid exposure

Toluene

Antidote Supportive care , IV fluids

Xylene

Antidote Supportive care , oxygen therapy

Polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) wash , supportive care

Antidote Phenol

Supportive care , fresh air , avoid further exposure

Antidote Formaldehyde

Supportive care , IV fluids

Antidote Acetone

Supportive care , avoid further exposure

Antidote Carbon Tetrachloride

Supportive care oxygen therapy

Antidote Chloroform

N - Acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , supportive care

Antidote Paracetamol Acetaminophen

Sodium bicarbonate , supportive care , hemodialysis ( severe

Antidote Aspirin Salicylates )

Atropine , Pralidoxime ( 2- PAM )

Antidote Organophosphates

Atropine , supportive care

Antidote Carbamate Insecticides

Methylene blue , oxygen therapy

Antidote Aniline