Enzymes Notes

Flashcards about Enzymes

Enzymes

Substances that make chemical reactions happen at a faster rate in our bodies; known as catalysts.

Catalysts

Substances (usually proteins) that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the process.

Biological Catalysts

Enzymes that work inside living things.

Breaker Enzymes

Enzymes that break down large molecules into small ones (e.g., enzymes involved in digestion).

Proteases

Enzymes that break down proteins.

Lipases

Enzymes that break down lipids (fats).

Amylase

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates.

Builders

Enzymes that join small molecules together to make large molecules using the products of digestion.

Substrate

The substance that an enzyme works on.

Active Site

The part of the enzyme's surface where the reaction takes place and where the substrate attaches.

Enzyme Specificity

Enzymes are specific because only one substrate will fit with one enzyme, like a lock and key.

Amylase (Example)

A digestive enzyme found in saliva and the small intestine that breaks down starch into maltose.

Temperature (Enzyme Action)

As temperature increases, the speed at which the enzyme works increases until it denatures (usually around 45-50°C).

Concentration of Substrate

As the concentration of substrate increases, so does the rate of reaction (up to the point where all enzymes are being used).

Surface Area (Enzyme Action)

As the surface area of either the enzyme or the substrate increases, so does the rate of reaction.