Comprehensive Review of Vitamins, Minerals, and Bone Health for Students

What is calcitriol?

Active form of Vitamin D3.

What are the food sources of Vitamin D3?

Salmon, mushrooms, cod liver oil.

What deficiency occurs in children due to lack of Vitamin D?

Rickets.

What deficiency occurs in adults due to lack of Vitamin D?

Osteomalacia.

What is the adult RDA for calcium?

1,000 mg/day.

What is the adult RDA for Vitamin D?

600 IU (15 mcg).

What is osteoporosis?

Weak, brittle bones full of pores.

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Bone formation.

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Bone resorption.

What is the RDA for folate?

400 mcg, 600 mcg when pregnant.

What are the food sources of folate?

Beans, greens, oranges, spinach.

What vitamins are responsible for converting homocysteine to methionine?

Vitamin B6 and B12.

What is the primary function of iron?

ATP and DNA production.

What is the RDA of iron for women?

18 mg/day.

What is the RDA of iron for men?

8 mg/day.

What is the most sensitive biochemical test for evaluating iron status?

Serum ferritin.

What are the active forms of Vitamin A in the body?

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, beta carotene.

What are symptoms associated with a deficiency of Vitamin A?

Dry cornea, cloudy cornea, blindness.

What are the active forms of Vitamin C?

Ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid.

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

Enhances iron absorption, converts dopamine to norepinephrine.

What is the most biologically active form of Vitamin E?

Alpha-tocopherol.

What are the food sources of Vitamin E?

Salmon, peanut butter, spinach, avocado.