APUSH LEQ 20-22

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Declared slaves free only in Confederate-controlled areas, not in border states or Union-occupied regions.

Border States

Slave states that stayed in the Union; Lincoln avoided emancipation there to keep them loyal.

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolished slavery nationwide and legally completed emancipation.

Confiscation Acts

Congressional laws allowing Union forces to seize and free enslaved people used by the Confederacy.

Black Codes

Southern laws restricting black freedom and forcing labor contracts after the Civil War.

Sharecropping

Labor system trapping freedpeople in debt by exchanging labor for land use and crop shares.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

White supremacist group using violence to suppress black voting and dismantle Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

Political deal ending Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South.

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

Lenient Reconstruction plan allowing reentry when 10% of voters swore loyalty to the Union.

Wade-Davis Bill

Congressional plan requiring 50% loyalty oath and stricter rules to reenter the Union.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Divided the South into military districts and required states to ratify the 14th Amendment.

14th & 15th Amendments

Granted citizenship and equal protection (14th) and black male voting rights (15th).

Union Naval Blockade (Anaconda Plan)

Union strategy to cut off Southern trade and weaken the Confederate economy.

Battle of Vicksburg (1863)

Union victory giving control of the Mississippi River and splitting the Confederacy.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Union campaign destroying Southern infrastructure and morale through total war tactics.

Southern Industrial Weakness

The Confederacy lacked factories, railroads, and manpower, making victory unlikely.