History Unit 2: Immigration, Industrialization, Urbanization & more!

The two processing centers for immigrants.

1. Angel Island

2. Ellis Island

How were Asian immigrants treated differently during the turn of the century? (4)

• Faced with major discrimination & racism.

• Way more Asian immigrants were detained compared to European immigrants.

• Immigration process was dehumanizing and invasive.

• Chinese Exclusion Act discouraged Asians from finding residency in America.

How were European immigrants treated differently during the turn of the century?

• Faced with some discrimination & prejudice.

• 16 million European immigrants processed.

• Immigration process was strict but not dehumanizing or invasive.

• Way less were deported or detained @ Ellis Island.

Enclaves & an example

Where immigrants live in their own neighborhoods.

ex: China town

How Enclaves relate to assimilation (4)

• Slows down or prevents assimilation from occurring all together.

• When people aren’t forced to adapt to fit societal expectations, they don’t.

• This creates a steady divide between American cultural ideals and the cultural ideals of Immigrants.

• Keeps immigrant stereotypes strong.

Chinese Exclusion Act & what it did

Restricted Chinese immigration to the U.S. & in certain work areas.

Urbanization

When a bunch of people move from farms to the cities.

5 Problems Associated with Urbanization

1. Housing

2. Water

3. Sanitation

4. Crime

5. Muckrakers

Problem Associated with Urbanization: Housing

Immigrant families often lived together in extremely small apartments (tenements)

Problems Associated with Urbanization: Water

• Cities were NOT able to provide safe drinking water.

• Most houses did not have indoor plumbing.

Problems Associated with Urbanization: Sanitation

• Cities did NOT have a street sanitation system to keep streets clean (no street sweeping)

• Sewage flowed in open gutters.

Problems Associated with Urbanization: Crime

• Law enforcement units were too small to control growing populations.

• Most “law enforcement” were just volunteers.

Problems Associated with Urbanization: Muckrackers

• Writers & artists that lived during the Turn of the Century.

• Attempted to expose the many problems in the cities, politics & business.

Labor Unions & Why they were created

• Association of workers organized to improve wages & working conditions.

• They were unhappy with current wages and working conditions.

3 Tactics of Labor Unions

1. Collective Bargaining

2. Strikes

3. Boycotts

3 Tactics of Labor Unions: Collective Bargaining, who & examples (3)

• Process in which union & company meet to negotiate a contract.

• Mainly workers do it.

• ex: wages, benefits, conditions

3 Tactics of Labor Unions: Strikes who & examples (3)

• Refuse to work until improvements are made.

• Mainly workers do it.

• ex: Dock workers, Teachers Union

3 Tactics of Labor Unions: Boycotts who & examples (3)

• Refusing to support a business, by not buying their goods.

• Can be done by anyone in protest against an ideal or action made by the oppressor.

• Ex: Chik-Fil-a

Tenements

Extremely small apartments used to fit multiple immigrant families. (High density housing/slums)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (3)

• A large factory fire in a garment factory caused over 140 deaths in young women and girls.

• No fire escapes, so women couldn’t escape.

• Many died on impact from jumping out of the building, dying from smoke inhalation or being burned to death.

What Event did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Lead to?

• A great campaign for workplace reform.

• Promoted safer working conditions (less coal inhalation, mandatory fire escapes, working age requirements)

3 Muckrakers, their area of focus & method

1. Jacob Riis (Photographer): Exposed sad life in tenements & cities.

2. Lewis Hine (Photographer): Exposed Dark Side of Child Labor Practices.

3. Ida Tarbell (Investigative Journalist): Exposing JD Rockefeller’s Corrupt Oil Business. Used “History of Standard Oil Company".”

3 Major Business Owners & area the industry they were involved in

1. Andrew Carnegie - Steel

2. JP Morgan - Banker/Financier

3. JD Rockefeller - Oil

Robber Barons (5)

• Exploits workers.

• Uses corrupt practices to get lawmakers to pass laws in their favor.

• Pays poor wages.

• Drives out competitors.

• Drains the country of its natural resources.

Captain of Industry (4)

• Provides Jobs

• Increases productivity & makes goods available to public.

• Gives to charity.

• Supports the community.

Differences between Robber Baron & Captain of Industry (3)

• Robber Barons tend to be more self centered and power hungry, using questionable methods to maintain power.

• Often, Robber Barons seek to monopolize their wealth.

• Captain of Industry gives back to the community & is less focused on monopolizing their wealth & keeping it from others.

Labor Unions Use Artistic Mediums to Gain Support & Raise Awareness by…

Using empowering art or music to motivate people to join the Union & improve worker’s rights.