IAC Science Study Guide

IAC Exam Prep

Amber

fosslized ancient tree resin

Resin

solid or highly thick liquid harvested from plants

Eukaryotic Cell

a type of cell that contains a nucleus

Eukaryotic Cell places

found in plants, animals, fungi, and seaweed

Prokaryotic Cell

a type of cell that does not have a nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell places

found in bacteria and archaea

Parrots

A type of tropical bird known for their ability to imitate human speech

Chromosomes

Segments of DNA that humans have 23 pairs of

DNA

Deoxyriibonucleic acid

Bone

type of tissue that creates the skeletal system

Ferns

type of plant that is able to reproduce by releasing spores from their fronds

Frond

large divided leaf

Heart Attack

an event where blood is cut off from a portion of the heart

Impact craters

created when meteorites or asteroids make contact with Earth

Asteroid

a minor planet that orbits the Sun, usually found in the belt between Mars and Jupiter

Meteorite

a part of an asteroid that has fallen to the surface of a planet or moon

Gamma rays

a type of high-energy ionizing radiation produced by astronomical objects

Pluto

a dwarf planet that was demoted from being a planet in 2006

Asterism

collection of stars that form a group, but not a constellation

Constellation

a group or pattern of visible stars usually representing an animal or mythological figure

Sputnik

launched by the soviet union, it is the first artificial satellite to enter low Earth orbit

Dirty snowball

a term used to describe comets

Great red spot

a storm found on the planet Jupiter

Combustion

a type of exothermic reaction where heat and/or light is released

Robert Bunsen

a German chemist that is known for creating a burner used in laboratories to produce an open flame

Noble gases

a group of chemical elements characterized by their low reactivity

Carbon monoxide

a diatomic molecule consisting of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom

Incandescent light bulbs

composed of tungsten, a metallic element with the symbol W

Gilbert N. Lewis

an American chemist that developed a classification for acids and bases

Acids and bases

substances that can donate protons or accept protons in chemical reactions

Filtration

a process where the solid particles of a liquid are separated

Carcinogens

cancer-causing agents, including arsenic, a metal with the symbol As

Wi-Fi

describes network protocols that allow computers to interact wirelessly with the internet

Algorithm

a sequence of instructions used to complete a computation in computer science

C

a computer programming language created by Bell Labs

Programming language

instruction set that tells a computer how to perform tasks

Pangaea

the supercontinent that existed when all of Earth’s landmasses were joined together

Origin of Pangaea

Pangaea took its name from Greek meaning “all earth”

Quartz

the second-most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust, composed of silicon and oxygen

Sonar

a technique that uses sound to detect underwater objects and navigate just like animals use echolocation

Caldera

a geological feature that forms from the collapse of a cinder cone, a type of volcano

Droughts

a long period of time with significantly less precipitation

Integers

whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero

Vertex

where two curves, lines, or edges meet

Probability

a branch of math that deals with calculating and understanding the likelihood of an event

Inertia

a property of matter that describes the tendency for an object to stay at rest or remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Fission

a type of nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus is split into two lighter nuclei

Friction

the resistance of two surfaces in contact with one another

Turbulence

an atmospheric phenomenon caused by irregular motion

Four fundamental forces

gravity, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force

Acoustics

a field of physics that studies the properties of sound