Lipids

What are the groups of lipids besides the mono- di- and tri- glycerides?

• Fatty acids

• Simple lipids

• Compound lipids

• Sterols

• Derived lipids

• Terpenes

• Glycerides

• Phospholipids

Triglycerides

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; soluble in ether

Fats

Composed of glycerol and fatty acids, soluble in ether

Carbohydrates and lipids similarites

Composed of the elements C, H, O

Carbohydrates and lipids differences

• Fats contain 2.25x as much energy as carbohydrates

• Fats contain little oxygen compared to carbohydrates

Why (and how) do fats contain more energy? How much?

• Fats contain 2.25x more energy

What are VFA’s? Which acids are the VFA’s?

• VFA’s: Volatile Fatty Acids

  • End product of the bacteria breaking down carbohydrates (because there is no oxygen in the rumen)

• Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid

What is the nutritional role of VFA’s

3 VFA’s

• Acetic acid

• Propionic acid

• Butyric acid

Long chain saturated fatty acids (2)

• Palmitic acid

• stearic acid

Long chain monounsaturated fatty acid

Oleic acid

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid

• Arachidonic acid

• Eicosapentaenoic acid

• Docosahexaenoic acid

Essential fatty acids

• Linoleic acid

• Linolenic acid

• Arachidonic acid

What is the meaning of saturated vs unsaturated fatty acid? What are some of the consequences of a fatty acid being unsaturated?

Saturated

• Has all the H it can have

• Harder/solid

• High melting point

• Longer the chain = the stronger the item

Unsaturated

• Contains double bonds

• Double bonds lower melting point

• More unsaturated fat = quicker will expire

What has to happen to fats in order for them to be digested?

The must be broken down since they are not water soluble

What are the major sources of fats as livestock feeds?

Plant based oils