Psych 3331-lecture 6 correlates of personality traits

correlates of personality traits

charcterstics, beheaviors, outcomes, life experiences that tend to be assoiciated with certain traits

-around 40-60% of traits are hertiable

-traits are linked to brain structures and neurotransmitter systems

-family upbringing, major life events, and socioeconomic factors

Openness

-Higher cognitve ability, creatitvity, divergenet thinking and curiosity

-common in artists, writters, designers, researchers fields that value immagination and innovation

-preference for varied experiences such as travel, cultural activities, trying new foods

conscientiousness

-linked with better physical health, lower risk of chronic diseases and longevity

-predicts higher grades, acdemnic achievement, job performance and leadership effectivenesss

-perfectionaism and workaholism

extraversion

larger and more active social circles, more social support

-thriving in careers, requiring interpersonal interaction such as sales, public relations, leadership

-more likely to engage in physical activities of sports, group fitness classes

agreebleness

-coperative, trustworthy, empathetic, seen as warm and compassionate

-linked to lower stress, better cardiovascular health, higher levels of social support

-altruism, fairness and prosocial beheavior

-may avoid necessary confrontation or be percieved as people-pleaser

neuroticism

-greater vulnerablity to anxiety, depression, mood swings, and negative emotions

-higher stress reactivity, more health complaints, and increased risk of mental health conditions

-potential dangers or risks

personality-illness connection

-personality traits correlate with many types of psychological and physiological illness

-personality correlates of stress

1. interactional model

1. transactional model

2. health beheavior model

3. predisposition model

4. illness beheavior model

stress response

-heart beats faster, blood presure increases, sweaty palms

daily hassles

-greates stress in people lives

-people with minor stressors suffer more psychological and physical symptoms

interectional model

-objective events happen to people

-personality determines the impact of events by influencing a person’s ability to cope

-coping responses

-personality

-physiological arousal

-illness

-relation between stress and illness

-personality factors related to coping responses make a person more or less vulnerable to events

-researchers are unable to identify stable coping responses that are consistenly adaptive or maladaptive

transactional model

-objective events capable of producing stress

-appraisal of events as threatening and or uncontrollable

-personality

-coping responses

-physiological arousal

-illness

health beheavior model

-personality does not directly influence relation betweem stress and illness

-personality affects health indirectly by promoting or health degrading beheaviors

-objective events capable of producing stress

-personality

-apprisal of events as threatening

-coping responses

-health beheaviors

-illness

-physiological arousal

predisposition model

-associations may exist between personality and illness because a third variable is influencing both

-predisposition

-physiological responsiveness

-illness

-personality

illness beheavior model

personality influences the degree to which a person percieves and attends to bodily sensations and the degree to which a person interprets and labels sensations as illness

-normal physiological sensations

-heightened perception of attention to sensations

-personality

labeling of sensations as illness

-reports of symptoms

-health beheaviors

protective and damaging traits

-optimism

-hardiness and resilience

-type a personality

hostility

health psychology

-study of how psychological factors influecne physical health and illness

stress

subjective feeling produced by uncontrollable or threatening events or situations

stressors

events that produce stress

optimism and health

-optimism predicts good health and health promoting beheaviors

-postive emotions have been consistenlty shown to play an adaptive role in our encounters with stress

expplantory style

how peole explain negative events

optimisitc-temporary, specfic, external

pessimistic-permanement, gloabal and internal

dispostional optimism

-general belief that good things will happen in the future

coping stratgeies

postive reappraisal-finding growth or meaning in stressful situations

promblem focused coping-taking action to solve stressors

creating postive events- taking small breaks from stress

hardy personality

-better be able to resist the negeative effects of stress and cope more effectively over time

hardiness 3 main traits

1. control

2. commitment

3. change

psychological resilence

-postive adaption and sucesful coping after a stressful adverse situation

resilence 3 aspects of personality

1. high self esteem

2. high optimism

3. sense of personal control in life

type a personality traits

-competitive achievement motivation

-time urgency

-hostility and frustration

developing cardiovascular disease