Childhood Communicable Diseases

Chicken Pox Proper Name

Varicella Zoster

Chicken pox Symptoms

-mild fever

-fatigue

-rash (small red flat spots) that starts on body, face, and scalp first and then moves to limbs

-rash progressing into itchy fluid blisters (dew on rose petals)

-broken blisters scab over into brown dry scabs

-the rash is itchy

Chicken Pox Education

-can't return to school until lesions are crusted

-peak contagious 12-24hr before rash appears

-lasts 10 days

-viruses can become active again and become shingles later

-varicella immunization unsafe during pregnancy --> instead give to varicella immunoglobulin if pregnant mom exposed within 96 hours (and to baby within 48hrs of birth)

Chicken Pox Complications

-CVS (Congenital Varicella Syndrome): if mom is infected <20 weeks

Chicken Pox Precautions & Classification

Airborne & contact precaution (it's viral)

Measles Proper Name

Rubeola

Measles Symptoms

-high fever

-2 C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis) --> aka cold symptoms

-Koplik spots start in mouth & throat 1-2 days before rash

-Then blotchy red rash develops starting on face

*coryza= runny nose

*conjunctivitis= red eyes

Measles Education

-highly contagious

-spread via sneeze, cough, breathing, touching, hands near mouth and nose

-develops within 10 days weeks of infection

-keep kid out of school until 4 days after appearance of rash

-vaccinate to prevent

-MMR can be given after delivery, but measles immunoglobulin should be given if infected while pregnant (within 6 days of exposure)

Measles Complications

-Secondary bacterial infections due to immune system being weakened --> may lead to death

-can increase miscarriage or preterm delivery risk

Measles Precautions & Class

airborne (viral)

Rubella Proper Name

German Measles; 3-Day-Measles

Rubella Symptoms

-itchy, red raised, pinpoint rash starting on face and spreading downwards but then fade fast, lasting 3-5 days

-start 2-3 weeks after infection

-mild fever

-fatigue, malaise

-HA

-swollen lymph nodes

-blueberry muffin (dermal erythropoiesis) in babies

Rubella Education

-spreads through direct contact with saliva or mucus thru coughing or sneezing

-isolate for 7 days after rash appears

-less contagious than measles

-if baby infected in first 10 weeks of pregnancy, 85% chance will develop CRS

-negative IgG test= NOT rubella immune

-MMR vaccine should be given a month or more before pregnancy, but unsafe during pregnancy

Rubella Complications

-CRS (Congenital Rubella Syndrome): birth defects, miscarriage, or stillbirth.(85% chance if infected in first 10 weeks) A positive IgM test would show that there is a current or recent infection

-infected mom can cause fetal abnormalities (intellectual disability, deafness, heart defects of CRS)

Rubella Transmission and Class

Contact (Viral)

Roseola Proper Name

Human Herpes virus #6; 6th Disease; 3-Day-Fever

Roseola Symptoms

-high fever for 3 days, then disappears before rash

-then rosy pink rash on neck and chest first, then spreading to rest of body (rash spots blanch when pressed and may be encircled by a lighter ring)

Roseola Education

-most common in 3-5 year olds

-antipyretics for fever

-push fluids to avoid dehydration from fever

Roseola Complications

-Febrile seizures

-no impact on baby of infected pregnant mom

Roseola Transmission & Class

Contact (viral)

fifth disease proper name

Erythema Infectiosum; Slapped Cheek Syndrome

Fifth Disease Symptoms

-flu like symptoms

-slapped/red cheeks first

-then lacy spots spreading to rest of body

-mild fever

-sore throat

-fatigue

-upset stomach

-HA

-itching

Fifth Disease Education

-lasts 14 days

-common in 4-12 year olds

no cure

-disappears after half a month

Fifth Disease Complications

-Hydrops fetalis (severe anemia): buildup of fluid in baby's body

-infected pregnant mom can pass to baby, making it hard for baby to make RBC's and causing heart failure, miscarriage, or stillbirth

Fifth Disease Transmission & Class

Contact (Viral)

Scarlet Fever Proper name

Scarlatina

Scarlet Fever Symptoms

-mild fever

-fatigue

-sore throat

-flushed face

-strawberry tongue

-allergy like red rash that feels like sandpaper and looks like sunburn starting in groin or armpits and spreading

Scarlet Fever Education

-caused by group A strep so treat with antibiotics

-keep kids home and limit contact

Scarlet Fever Complications

-secondary infection

-rheumatic fever

-carditis

-no known effect on baby of infected pregnant mom

Scarlet Fever Transmission and Class

Droplet (bacterial)

Mononucleosis Proper Name

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) --> its mono

Mononucleosis Symptoms

-mild fever

-long term exhaustion / lethargy

-sore throat

-swollen lymph nodes

-enlarged liver & spleen

-jaundice

-maybe mono rash, ranging from petechiae, maculopapular, or urticaria

*maculopapular= measles like

*urticaria= hives

Mononucleosis Education

-common in older kids and adolescents

-called kissing disease cuz spread through direct or indirect contact with nose and throat secretions through saliva, kissing, sharing mouth items

-REST (avoid activity to decrease risk of spleen rupture)

-maybe infections for a year after illness

Mononucleosis Complications

-splenic rupture

-chronic fatigue

-jaundice

-no known effect on baby of infected pregnant mom

Mononucleosis Transmission and Class

Contact (Viral)

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Proper Name

Coxsackie Infection

Hand Foot Mouth Symptoms

-mild fever (101-103)

-fatigue

-sore throat

-after 2 days, flat red spots with small blisters appear on palms, inside mouth, and soles of feet

-sometimes blisters appear on knees, elbows, or butt

Hand Foot Mouth Education

-caused by enteroviruses

-common in summer and early fall

-lasts a week to 10 days

-isolation needed (no direct contact)

Hand Foot Mouth Complications

none, causes discomfort but not serious

-no known impact on baby in infected pregnant mom

Hand Foot Mouth Transmission and Class

Contact (viral)

Mumps Proper Name

Parotitis

Mumps Symptoms

-inflammation and painful swelling of parotid gland at side of face (under ears)--> hamster face

-high fever

-joint pain

-HA

-swollen glands

Mumps Education

-treat symptoms promptly for comfort

-ease pain with OTC meds

-cool or warm compress to side of face under ears

-no cure

-will pass within 1-2 weeks

Mumps Complications

-meningitis

-orchitis

-oophoritis

-deafness

-infertility (occassionally)

-spontaneous abortion risk if mom is infected in first trimester

-doesn't cause other fetal abnormalities in pregnancy

Mumps Transmission and Class

Droplet (viral)

Whooping Cough Proper Name

Bordetella pertussis

Whooping Cough Symptoms

-mild fever

-fatigue

-cold symptoms / nasal discharge

-large whooping sound cough

-wheezy breathing

-vomiting

-symptoms worsen at night

Whooping Cough Education

-use antibiotics to treat

-improves with fresh air

-pregnant woman should get vaccinated from 16-32 weeks to protect baby

Whooping Cough Complications

Respiratory compromise

Whooping Cough Transmission and Class

Droplet (bacterial)