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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or 'things' embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, allowing these objects to collect and exchange data.

What are the key characteristics of IoT?

The key characteristics of IoT include being dynamic & self-adapting, self-configuring, using interoperable communication protocols, having unique identity, and being integrated into information networks.

What technologies enable the Internet of Things?

Enabling technologies for IoT include Smartphones, Sensor Technology, Cloud and Big Data, Processing Power, Power Management, and Wireless Technologies.

What is an IoT deployment Level-1 system?

A Level-1 IoT system consists of a single node/device that performs detection and/or actuation, stores data, analyzes data, and hosts the application.

How does the Request-Response communication model work?

In the Request-Response model, a client sends requests to a server, and the server processes these requests and responds with the necessary data.

What are the differences between IoT and M2M?

IoT connects 'things' with unique identifiers and can communicate with their environment, while M2M networks are typically homogeneous machines designed for monitoring and control, often using non-IP communication protocols.

What are the advantages of using the Internet of Things?

Advantages of IoT include dynamic control of industries and daily life, improved resource utilization, better relationships between humans and nature, and the formation of a smarter integrated entity between human society and physical systems.

What is the purpose of an IoT gateway?

An IoT gateway connects different networks and protocols, translating communications, providing security, and aggregating/filtering data collected from IoT devices.

What role do sensors play in an IoT system?

Sensors in an IoT system detect environmental conditions and collect data, facilitating monitoring and control of physical entities.

What is the purpose of the NETCONF protocol?

NETCONF is a session-based network management protocol that allows retrieval and manipulation of configuration data on network devices.

How does the Publish-Subscribe communication model function?

In the Publish-Subscribe model, publishers send messages to topics, and subscribers receive messages by subscribing to those topics without knowing the publishers.

Describe the functionality of Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies.

LPWA technologies provide low-bandwidth, long-range communication solutions that are energy efficient and ideal for IoT applications.

What is the significance of using protocols like MQTT in IoT?

MQTT is a lightweight messaging protocol optimized for devices on low-bandwidth networks, allowing efficient communication in IoT implementations.

How do smart irrigation systems function within IoT?

Smart irrigation systems employ sensors to monitor soil moisture and automate watering processes, ensuring efficient water usage based on real-time data.