mental health ch 2-3 (not everything i’m tired)

acetylcholine

neurotransmitter for all ANS activity, involved in sleep, arousal, pain perception, motor control, learning, memory

acetylcholine implications in mental illness

disorders of motor behavior and memory (parkinson's, huntingtons, alzheimer's)

norepinephrine

neurotransmitter, fight or flight, involved in mood, cognition, perception, attention, vigilance, memory, CV function, sleep-wake cycles

norepinephrine possible implications in mental illness

mood disorders (depression, mania, anxiety, schizophrenia)

dopamine

neurotransmitter, involved in movements and coordination, emotions, reward signals, learning, memory, voluntary decision making, ADDICTIONS

increased dopamine possible implications in mental illness

mania and schizophrenia

decreased dopamine possible implications in mental illness

parkinson's and depression

serotonin

neurotransmitter, involved in sleep-wake cycle, sexual behavior, appetite, mood, anxiety, aggression, pain perception

serotonin possible implications in mental illness

anxiety, depression, schizophrenia

histamine

neurotransmitter, involved in neuroendocrine function, circadian rhythms, psychomotor activity, mood, learning, cognition, appetite, eating behavior

histamine possible implications in mental illness

epilepsy, stroke, anxiety, depression, psychosis, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammatory processes

gamma aminobutyric acid

GABA, inhibitory neurotransmitter, slows body activity, calming effect

GABA possible implications in mental illness

anxiety, depression, movement disorders, epilepsy, substance use disorders/addiction

glycine

inhibitory neurotransmitter, inhibits motor neurons in spinal cord, regulates reflexes

glycine possible implications in mental illness

spastic disorders, glycine encephalopathy (fatal genetic brain disorder)

glutamate and aspartate

excitatory neurotransmitters, relay sensory info, involved in memory and learning

glutamate/aspartate possible implications in mental illness

neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy, alzheimer's neuron degeneration, ASD, OCD, schizophrenia, depression

opioid peptides

neurotransmitter, pain modulation, alter dopamine release

opioid peptides possible implications in mental illness

addiction, schizophrenia, depression (because of relationship with dopamine)

substance p

neurotransmitter, involved in pain regulation

substance p possible implications in mental illness

depression and PTSD

somatostatin

neurotransmitter, aka growth hormone inhibiting hormone, stimulates/inhibits other neurotransmitters

high somatostatin possible implications in mental illness

huntingtons

low somatostatin possible implications in mental illness

alzheimer's and depression

ADH

antidiuretic hormone, involved in learning, memory, pain response, sleep patterns

ADH issues

causes extreme thirst (POLYDIPSIA) in schizophrenic patients

oxytocin

released in response to STRESS and sexual arousal

oxytocin issues

with ACTH facilitates substance use disorders, decreased levels in ASD and anorexia

growth hormone

aka somatotropin, stimulated in response to hypoglycemia and stress

GH issues

during prolonged stress has direct metabolic effects, deficiency seen in major depression, abnormalities seen in ANOREXIA

thyroid stimulating hormone

involved in metabolism and temp regulation

hyperthyroidism issues

ANXIETY, INSOMNIA, EMOTIONAL LABILITY, possibly delirium or psychosis

hypothyroidism issues

memory impairment, DEPRESSION, SI

TSH issues

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, mood disorders, ANXIETY, eating disorders, psychosis, dementia

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH, stimulates cortisol release

ACTH issues

mood disorders, PTSD, alzheimer's, substance use disorders

adrenal hyposecretion issues

addisons disease, APATHY, isolation, decreased concentration, impaired sleep, FATIGUE, DEPRESSION

adrenal hypersecretion issues

cushings disease, MOOD DISORDERS, depression, mania, PSYCHOSIS, SI

high prolactin issues

depression, decreased libido, anxiety, irritability, schizophrenia

gonadotropic hormones

affect gonads, LH and FSH

gonadotropic hormones

affects levels of testosterone which can be involved in depression and anorexia

melanocyte stimulating hormone issues

can be involved in seasonal affective disorder

utilitarianism

goal is to promote happiness

kantianism

result of action isn't important, motivation is

based on "duty"

divine command ethics

focus on what is commanded by god

natural law theory

rational humans know right from wrong, morals based in human nature

ethical egoism

"good" is doing whatever's best for the person making the decision

beneficence

duty to benefit/promote good of others

nonmaleficence

do no harm

veracity

truthfulness