Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles

how is the prostate located to the rectum

anterior

how is the prostate located to the bladder

inferior

Normal size of the prostate

3.5 cm × 2.5 cm 4 cm

What are the zones of the prostate

peripheral zone

central zone

transitional zone

posterior and lateral to distal prostatic urethra

largest zone

peripheral zone

extends from the base of the prostate to the verumontanum and surrounds the ejaculatory ducts

central zone

located on both sides of the proximal urethra

smallest zone

transitional zone

reservoir for sperm

joins vas deferens to form ejaculatory ducts

seminal vesicles

How does the seminal vesicles lie to the prostate

superior

normal length of the seminal vesicles

5cm

normal diameter of the seminal vesicles

<1cm

enter base of the prostate

pass through the prostatic portion of the urethra at the verumontanum

ejaculatory duct

runs from neck of bladder through prostate to the base of the penis

urethra

Normal PSA level

<30mL

sonographic appearance of the prostate

homogeneous, medium level echo parenchyma

smooth contour

well defined walls

calfications common in older men

Sonographic appearance of seminal vesicles

hypoechoic ovoid structures superior to gland

seminal vesicles

benign prostate hyperplasia

common in older men

metastasizes to the bone

hematuria

bloody semen

black pain

adenocarcinoma

transitional zone naturally enlarges with age

impedes urine flow, frequency, and urgency

benign prostate hyperplasia

sonographic findings of benign prostate hyperplasia

enlargment

hypoechoic to hyperechoic

cystic areas and calcifications

nodules

20-30mL

sonographic findings of adenocarcinoma

hypervascular

70% mass in PZ

definable hypoechoic lesions

isoechoic bulge in capsule

adenocarcinoma

dilation of seminal vesicle

cyst of seminal vesicle