Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

Flashcards for Inorganic Chemistry review.

What is a Period in the context of the Periodic Table?

Horizontal row in the periodic table.

What is a Group in the context of the Periodic Table?

Vertical column in the periodic table.

How does Atomic Radius trend across a period and down a group?

Trend across a period: Decreases. Trend down a group: Increases.

How does First Ionisation Energy trend across a period and down a group?

Trend across a period: Increases. Trend down a group: Decreases.

Which group is known as Alkaline Earth Metals?

Group 2

What is the trend for reactivity in Group 2?

Increases down the group.

What are the solubility trends of hydroxides and sulfates in Group 2?

Hydroxides - increases down the group. Sulfates - decreases down the group.

What is the trend for thermal stability in Group 2?

Increases down the group.

Which group is known as Halogens?

Group 7

What is the trend for reactivity in Group 7?

Decreases down the group.

What are Displacement Reactions in the context of Halogens?

Reactions where a halogen displaces a halide from solution.

What are Halide tests (AgNO3, NH3) used for?

Used to test for halide ions (chlorine, bromine, iodine).

What is Disproportionation?

A reaction where the same element is both oxidized and reduced.

How is bleach formed?

Formed by the disproportionation of chlorine.

What are Hydrogen Halides?

A substance formed when hydrogen combines with a halogen.

What is the definition of Transition Elements?

Elements that have an incomplete d subshell or readily form ions with an incomplete d subshell.

What does it mean by variable oxidation states?

Transition metals can exhibit multiple oxidation states.

What are Ligands?

Ions or molecules that bond to a central metal atom or ion.

What is Coordination Number?

The number of points at which ligands attach to the central metal ion.

What is Ligand Substitution?

The process where one ligand is replaced by another in a complex ion.

Name three common shapes of complexes.

Octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar.

What is Cis-Trans Isomerism?

A type of isomerism where molecules have the same atoms and bonds but different spatial arrangements which cannot be interconverted by rotation around single bonds.

What is Stability Constant (Kstab)?

The equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion in solution.

What is Oxidation?

Loss of electrons.

What is Reduction?

Gain of electrons.

What is an Oxidising Agent?

A substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons.

What is a Reducing Agent?

A substance that causes reduction by donating electrons.

What is Oxidation Number?

The charge an atom would have if all bonds were ionic.

What is a Half-Equation?

A type of chemical equation that shows the oxidation or reduction process separately.

What is an Electrochemical Cell?

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions.

What is Standard Electrode Potential (E°)?

The measure of the potential of an electrode versus the standard hydrogen electrode.

What is Electrochemical Series?

A listing of elements in order of their standard electrode potentials.

What is Feasibility of Redox Reactions?

Whether a redox reaction will occur spontaneously under standard conditions.

What is EMF (cell potential)?

The difference in potential between two half-cells in an electrochemical cell.

What is a Salt Bridge?

A conducting medium that allows ions to flow between half-cells, completing the circuit.

What is Electrolysis?

The process of using electricity to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions.

What are Electrodes?

The location where oxidation or reduction occurs in an electrolytic cell.

What are Faraday's Laws?

Laws relating the amount of substance produced during electrolysis to the quantity of electricity passed.