juvenile delinquency chap 3

"Describe the extent of delinquency using arrest data and self-report data."

"Delinquency can be assessed through arrest data, which indicates nearly 1 million juvenile arrests in 2014, and self-report data, which suggests that 33 million juveniles engaged in delinquent acts."

"Identify the characteristics of those most likely to be victims of crime."

"Victims of crime often share certain characteristics, such as age, socioeconomic status, and location, which can increase their vulnerability to criminal acts."

"Explain why there are no simple answers to questions of how much delinquency there is or how much it is changing over time."

"The complexity of measuring delinquency arises from various factors, including underreporting of crimes, differences in data collection methods, and the evolving nature of crime."

"Offer explanations for the dramatic decline in serious crime since the mid-1990s."

"Factors contributing to the decline in serious crime may include improved policing strategies, community programs, economic changes, and demographic shifts."

"How many juvenile arrests were recorded in 2014 and what types of crimes were they for?"

"In 2014, there were nearly 1 million juvenile arrests, with about 288,000 for Part I crimes, predominantly for property crimes, especially larceny-theft."

"What was the overall juvenile arrest rate in 2014?"

"The overall juvenile arrest rate in 2014 was about 3,000 per 100,000 juveniles."

"What is the arrest rate for Part I violent crimes among juveniles?"

"The arrest rate for Part I violent crimes among juveniles was about 158 per 100,000."

"What does self-report data suggest about juvenile delinquency in 2014?"

"Self-report data suggests that 33 million juveniles aged 10 to 17 engaged in hundreds of millions of delinquent acts in 2014."

"How does the probability of arrest for delinquent acts compare to the number of delinquent acts committed?"

"The probability that a youth will be arrested for a given delinquent act is well under 1%, indicating that most delinquent acts do not result in arrest."

"What is the significance of the discrepancy between arrest data and self-report data?"

"The large discrepancy highlights that many delinquent acts go unnoticed by law enforcement and do not lead to arrests."

"Describe the Monitoring the Future survey and its focus."

"The Monitoring the Future survey is administered to approximately 2,500 high school seniors in the U.S. each year, focusing on their self-reported delinquent behaviors."

"What was the average number of delinquent acts committed by a juvenile in 1976 according to the National Survey of Youth?"

"The National Survey of Youth found that the average number of delinquent acts committed by a juvenile in 1976 was 52."

"How many Part I crimes were cleared by the arrest of juveniles?"

"Only about 183,000 Part I crimes were cleared by the arrest of juveniles."

"Describe the context of the large international survey conducted between 2005 and 2007."

"The survey collected self-report data from young people aged 12-15 in the U.S. and 30 other nations, mostly in Europe, to analyze youth involvement in serious violent delinquency."

"Explain the findings regarding youth involvement in serious violent delinquency."

"The findings indicate that the highest percentages of youth involved in serious violent delinquency are in the U.S., Ireland, Germany, and the Netherlands."

"Identify the age group with the highest victimization rates for violent crimes."

"Young people aged 12 to 17 have the highest victimization rates for violent crimes."

"Discuss the victimization rates among different genders for violent crimes."

"Males generally have a higher victimization rate than females for violent crimes, with the exception of serious intimate partner violence (IPV)."

"Analyze the racial demographics of victimization in violent crimes."

"African Americans are somewhat more likely than Whites to be victims of violence, followed by Hispanics."

"Evaluate the relationship between income levels and victimization rates."

"People with lower incomes are generally more likely to be victims of violence, although the relationship between household income and property crime is somewhat mixed."

"Quantify the number of serious violent crimes committed by juveniles in 2014."

"Juveniles aged 12 to 17 committed about 174,000 serious violent crimes in 2014."

"Assess the trends in juvenile property crime rates from the early 1980s to 2014."

"The rate of juvenile property crime was stable from the early 1980s to 1994, dropped to its lowest level by 2006, increased modestly between 2006 and 2008, and then continued to decline, reaching a historic low by 2014."

"Summarize the trends in juvenile violent crime arrests from 1980 to 2014."

"The rate of violent crime arrests was stable from 1980 to 1988, increased significantly until 1994, declined through the early 2000s, increased again between 2004 and 2006, and then decreased to its lowest level in over three decades by 2014."

"Determine the overall trend in juvenile delinquency based on the provided data."

"The data suggests that juvenile delinquency, particularly in terms of violent crime, has been decreasing, reaching historic lows by 2014."

"Describe the trend in juvenile arrest rates for murder from 1987 to 1993."

"The juvenile arrest rate for murder more than doubled during this period, primarily due to an increase in gun-related murders."

"Explain the factors contributing to the increase in juvenile murder rates in the late 1980s and early 1990s."

"The increase was linked to the spread of crack cocaine, greater access to guns among juveniles, and social changes that led to an increase in gang activity."

"How did the juvenile arrest rate for murder change from 1994 to 2004?"

"The juvenile arrest rate for murder declined sharply during this period."

"What happened to the juvenile murder rate starting in 2005?"

"Beginning in 2005, the juvenile murder rate increased modestly, but this increase was interrupted by a drop from 2008 to 2014."

"Summarize the trends in self-reported delinquency among juveniles from the 1980s to the 2000s."

"Self-reported delinquency showed a stable rate of property crime in the early to mid-1980s, a modest increase in the late 1980s and 1990s, followed by a modest decline in the 2000s. Violent crime rates were stable in the 1980s, increased in the late 1980s, remained high in the 1990s, and decreased slightly since 1998."

"What trend has been observed in illicit drug use among juveniles since 2006?"

"Since 2006, illicit drug use among juveniles has been increasing."

"Discuss the trends in violent crime victimization committed by juveniles from the 1980s to the early 2000s."

"The violent crime rate was moderately stable during much of the 1980s, increased in the late 1980s and early 1990s, then declined sharply through the early 2000s, continuing a general downward trend."

"What discrepancies exist between arrest data and self-report data regarding property crime among juveniles?"

"Arrest data show a sharp decline in serious property crime since the mid-1990s, while self-report data indicate only a modest decline."

"Define the trend in serious violence rates among juveniles from the late 1980s to the early 2000s."

"Rates of serious violence increased dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s, declined sharply through the early 2000s, and continued on a general downward trend."

"How did rates of less serious violence among juveniles change from the late 1980s to the late 1990s?"

"Rates of less serious violence increased by a modest amount during the late 1980s and early 1990s, then decreased by a modest amount since the late 1990s."

"Describe the trend of drug crime rates from the 1980s to the early 2000s."

"Drug crime rates declined substantially during the 1980s and early 1990s, increased from 1992 to the early 2000s, and then declined again throughout the early to mid-2000s."

"Explain the factors contributing to the decline in serious crime since the mid-1990s."

"Factors include the decline in crack use and turf disputes among dealers, improvements in the economy, better parenting practices, improved school performance, better police practices, and increased use of prevention and rehabilitation programs."

"How did juvenile incarceration rates in the 1990s impact crime rates?"

"The higher rate of juvenile offenders being incarcerated in the 1990s likely accounts for only a small portion of the overall decrease in crime rates."

"Define the relationship between immigration and violence in the context of crime rates."

"On average, immigrants are less violent than third-generation Americans, suggesting that immigration may not contribute to increased crime rates."

"What was observed in crime rates from 2014 to 2015?"

"There was a current uptick in crime rates from 2014 to 2015."

"How do economic trends influence crime rates?"

"The possibility of keeping crime rates down depends on trends in the economy and the extent to which effective crime control strategies are utilized."

"Discuss the role of prevention and rehabilitation programs in crime reduction."

"The increased use of prevention and rehabilitation programs has likely contributed to the decline in serious crime."

"Identify the impact of improved police practices on crime rates."

"Improvements in police practices have likely contributed to the overall decline in serious crime since the mid-1990s."