english unseen poetry techniques

Lexical field

A group of words linked by topic or idea showing the poet’s focus or mood

Semantic field

A set of words with related meanings used to build atmosphere or theme

Ambiguity

Language that has more than one interpretation adding complexity or depth

Paradox

A statement that seems contradictory but expresses a deeper truth

Oxymoron

Two opposing words placed together to highlight conflict or tension

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of lines to create emphasis

Epistrophe

Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of lines for rhythm or emotion

Volta

A sudden shift in tone perspective or argument often marking the turning point of the poem

Caesura

A deliberate pause in the middle of a line used to disrupt rhythm or draw attention

Enjambment

Continuation of meaning across lines without pause to create flow or tension

Juxtaposition

Placement of contrasting ideas or images close together to emphasize difference

Irony

When the literal meaning contrasts with the intended or implied meaning creating depth

Metonymy

Replacing the name of something with something closely associated with it such as the crown for the king

Synecdoche

Using a part to represent the whole such as hands for workers

Pathetic fallacy

When nature mirrors human emotions to reinforce mood or theme

Euphony

Use of smooth harmonious sounds to create a pleasing effect

Cacophony

Use of harsh discordant sounds to create tension or discomfort

Conceit

An extended or complex metaphor that drives an entire poem or section

Tone shift

A noticeable change in the poet’s attitude often marking emotional development