Credit 1 Winter Semester Past Paper Questions

Schizogony Sarcocystis ovicanis begins
a. In ovine lymph node endothelial cells
b. In the muscle cells of the dog
c. In sheep muscle cells
d. In ovine endothelial cells
e. In dog enterocytes

In ovine endothelial cells

Sporulation of genus Sarcocystis bovicanis occurs in
a. Enterocytes of dogs
b. Enterocytes of cattle
c. Leukocytes of dogs
d. Lymphatic nodes of cattle
e. Environment

Enterocytes of dogs

Babesia divergens is transmited by
a. Rhipicephalus sanguineus to dogs and humans
b. Haemaphysalis punctata to sheep and humans
c. Ixodes Ricinus to horse and humans
d. Ixodes Ricinus to cattle and humans
e. Dermacentor reticulatus to humans

Ixodes Ricinus to cattle and humans

Gametogony Plasmodium vivax takes place in
a. Tick intestinal cells
b. In human red blood cells
c. In human white blood cells
d. In the liver cells of humans
e. In the intestinal cells of mosquitoes

In the intestinal cells of mosquitoes

Endogenous development of Cystoisospora felis in parathenic host takes place
a. In the bones of rodents
b. In rodent mesenteric lymph nodes
c. In the intestines of cats
d. In the lymph nodes of the cats
e. In the striated muscles of cats

In rodent mesenteric lymph nodes

Which of the following coccidian life cycle stages results from the fusion of a macrogamete
and a microgamete?
a. First generation schizont
b. Sporulated oocysts
c. Trophozoite
d. Merozoite
e. Zygote

Zygote

The developmental stages of Toxoplasma gondii are localized in all kind cells of the
intermediate hosts except
a. Muscle cells
b. Hepatocytes
c. Nervous cells
d. Erythrocytes
e. Lymphocytes

Erythrocytes

The protozoa can have diverse life cycles with multiple morphological stages, depending
on species. What stage of the life cycle is the active, reproductive and feeding stage?
a. Infection stage
b. Trophozoite stage
c. Flagella stage
d. Sporozoites stage
e. Cyst stage

Trophozoite stage

The solid axis of the trichomonad cell forms
a. Parabasal filament
b. Kinetoplast
c. Axostyl
d. Flagellym
e. Costa

Axostyl

Taxonomy category with suffix “idae” is
a. Species
b. Family
c. Genus
d. Classis
e. Order

Family

The diagnosis of leishmaniasis is based on
a. The finding of promastigote stage sin the stained slides of vector organs
b. Finding of amastigotic stages in the stained slides of vertebrate organs
c. The finding of amastigotic stages in the stained slides of vector organs
d. Finding leishmania in the blood
e. Finding of promastogotic stages in the stained slides of vertebrate organs

Finding of amastigotic stages in the stained slides of vertebrate organs

A protozoan cyst that contains four nuclei, median bodies and axonemes should be
identified as
a. Eimeria tenella
b. Cystoisospora spp.
c. Giardia duodenalis
d. Tritichomonas foetus
e. Spironucleus spp.

Giardia duodenalis

What are diagnostic techniques for sarcocystosis in intermediate host?
a. Flotation method
b. Digestion method of tissues
c. Biopsy of bones
d. Biopsy of liver
e. Staining blood smear

Digestion method of tissues

Intravital diagnosis of bird Trichomonosis is done by
a. A deep swab form the pharynx mucosa
b. Finding trichomonas in the blood
c. Concentration flotation methods
d. Finding Trichomonas in the urine
e. A native preparation obtained by cloak wash

A deep swab form the pharynx mucosa

Acute human sleeping disease is caused by
a. Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense
b. Trypanosoma brucei brucei
c. Trypanosoma lewisi
d. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
e. Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense

The infection stage of Cystoisosporosis is
a. Caused by the consumption of raw meat containing tissue cysts with bradyzoites
b. Sporulated oocyst with 2 sporocysts in each with four sporozoites
c. Caused by the consumption of raw meat containing tissue cysts with tachyzoites
d. Sporulated oocyst with 4 sporocysts in each with two sporozoites
e. Quad-nuclei cysts

Sporulated oocyst with 2 sporocysts in each with four sporozoites

Schizogony Eimeria intricata begins in
a. Enterocytes of domestic swine
b. Hen enterocytes
c. Sheep ileum enterocytes
d. Bovine duodenal enterocytes
e. Rabbit ileum enterocytes

Sheep ileum enterocytes

Gametogony of Babesia canis begins
a. In the intestine of the dog by the formation of microgametocytes and macrogametocytes
b. In the intestine of the dog by the formation of a movable ookinete
c. In the salivary gland of the tick by the formation sporozoites
d. In the gut of the tick by the formation of gametes, radial bodies
e. In the gut of the tick, the formation of a zygote

In the gut of the tick by the formation of gametes, radial bodies

For diagnosis of Giardia/giardiasis we use flotation solution
a. Kozak-Magra
b. Vajda
c. Breza
d. Zinc sulphate
e. Darling

Zinc sulphate

Eimeria stiedai is located in
a. Large intestine of cattle
b. Small intestine of hens
c. Cecum of sheep
d. Liver of rabbit
e. Kidney of goose

Liver of rabbit

Giardia divides by

binary fission

Which organelles form the apical complex?

polar ring, conoid, subpellicular microtubules, micronemes, rhopty, micropore

Sporogony of Cryptosporidium spp. occurs in ...?

definitive host

The life cycle of Plasmodium spp. has 4 stages:

1 sexual and 3 asexual

What does sporulated oocyst Cryptosporidium spp. look like? Draw and describe

small (4-6 μm)
oval
2 shells
4 sporozoites, no sporocysts

Macroschizonts of Theileria spp. are located in:

lymphocytes before moving to erythrocytes

Describe the morphology of Trypanosoma

spindle shaped, well developed undulating membrane, kinetoplast at posterior end, layer of subpellicular microtubules, free flagellum at anterior, cell surface has variable glycoproteins, nucleus in centre

Fully sporulated oocysts were found in the faeces of a rabbit. What species is most likely represented? Write the name and describe

Eimeria magna, Eimeria intestinalis
small (12-14 μm)
oval
2 shells
4 sporocysts each containing 2 sporozoites
colourless/transparent

Describe this life cycle (Sarcocystis)

Schizogony: Intermediate host
- Ingestion and excystation of oocyte in GIT (isospora type)
- Penetrate to blood – sporocyte -> meront -> merozoite
- 1st generations – artery epithelium, 2nd gen. capillary ep., 3rd gen in circulating lymphocytes
- Striated muscles – enclosed in cysts
- Merozoite -> metrozoite -> bradyzoites - infective
Gametogony: Final host
- Sarcocyst – bradyzoites liberated
- Differentiate into gametocyst in lamina propria
- Micro and macro gamete –Z oocyst (isospora type);
Sporogony: in lamina propria

Eimeria stiedai: host and location?

rabbit, bile ducts

In Theileria, macroschizont in lymphocyte is known as?

Koch blue body

Which tissue/organ contains the highest number of Theileria?

spleen

In erythrocytes of Theileria we find:

piroplasms

T. cruzi belongs to:

Stercoraria

How is T. equiperdum transmitted?

mating

How is T. equiperdum diagnosed?

Clinical signs: pyrexia, local oedema of genitalia and mammary glands, oedematous cutaneous plaques
Demonstration of parasite: preputial or vaginal scrapings, aspiration of cutaneous oedematous plaque
Serological examination: CFT, ELISA, IFAT

Tyrpanosoma belongs to which order?

Trypanosomatida

How many free flagella do Trypanosoma have?

1 or none depending on the developmental stage

What stage of T. cruzi multiplies in vertebrate host?

amastigote

Form of Leishmania in vertebrate host?

amastigote in macrophages

Form of Leishmania in vector?

promastigote

Clinical types of Leishmaniasis and species?

Visceral: L. donovani complex, L. infantum complex
Cutaneous: L. tropica, L. major, L. aethiopica
Mucocutaneous: L. mexicana complex, L. brasiliensis complex

What is the vector for Leishmania?

sandflies (Phlebotomus spp. and Lutzomyia spp.)

Location of Giardia intestinalis?

small intestine, extracellular

Giardia form of transmission

ingestion (faecal-oral, food, water)

number of flagella on Giardia?

8 (1 pair anterior, 2 pairs posterior, 1 pair caudal)

Which floatation solution is used for Giardia?

zinc sulfate, FAUST

How does Giardia reproduce?

binary fission (asexual)

Order of Giardia

Diplomonadida

Form of transmission of Trichomonas foetus

coitus, AI, gynaecological exam

Host of Trichomonas foetus?

bovine

What is the form of reproduction in family Trichomonadidae?

longitudinal binary fission

Principle host of Trichomonas gallinae

pigeon

Intravital diagnosis of Trichomonas in pigeons?

lesions in upper GIT contain parasites (mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, liver)

How is Histomonas transmitted?

in the eggs of the caecal worm Heterakis gallinarum

Which group of protozoa possess an axostyle?

Trichomonadida Trichomonas spp. and Diplomonadida Giardia spp.

The diagnosis of Sarcocystosis of pigs we investigate

tissue samples

A facultative parasite is an organism:

an organism that exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and does not absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting to it if placed on a host

Vertebrate host of Leucocytozoon is:

chicken

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium are?

smaller than 10 μm

Exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum is located in:

liver

Flagellated form of Histomonas meleagridis occurs in:

caeca

Endodyogony in Sarcocystis life cycle takes place in:

tissue cells of intermediate host

So called ring-worms are stages in the life cycle of:

Plasmodium spp.

Sporulation of genus Hepatozoon occurs:

inside the vector

Intermediate host is:

a host in which the parasite passes obligatory through part of its development

Leishmania spp. occurs in the vertebrate host in:

amastigote form

The vector of human Plasmodium is:

Anopheles

Visceral leishmaniosis is caused by:

L. donovani complex, L. infantum complex

Giardia intestinalis is located

extracellularly

Eimeria zuernii is located in:

ileum of cattle

The nematode Heterakis gallinae plays an important role in the life cycle of:

Histomonas meleagridis

The infectious stage of eimeriosis is:

sporulated oocyst with 4 sporocysts each containing 2 sporozoites

Sporogony of Babesia spp. occurs:

inside the salivary gland of the final host

What is the location of Histomonas meleagridis?

caecum, liver, digestive tract

Cryptosporidium: What type of sporogony occurs?

endogenous

What is the size of the oocyst of Cryptosporidium?

4-6 μm

Life cycle of Cryptosporidium

Schizogony:
- Host ingest oocyst, woth
4 sporozoites.
- Sporozoites released in
small intestine
- Attach (not penetrate) to
microvilli.
- Multiply and form
schizont -> division -> 8
merozoites
- One more round of
schizogony.
Gametogony:
- Formation of micro and
macrogamonts
- Gamestocyst form and fuse -> zygote
Sporogony:
- 2 types of oocyst are formed
- 80% develop into thick walled. Pass to the environment with feces.
- 20% develop into thin- walled oocyst and release their sporozoites in the
intestine representing the autoinfective life cycle form

Life cycle of Sarcocystis

Schizogony: Intermediat host
- Ingestion and excystation of oocyte in GIT (isospora
type)
- Penetrate to blood – sporocyte -> meront -> merozoite
- 1st generations – artery eoithelium, 2nd gen. capillary
ep., 3rd gen in circulating lymphocytes
- Striated mucles – enclosed in cysts
- Merozoite -> metrozoite -> bradyzoites - infective
Gametogony: Final host
- Sarcocyst – bradyzoites liberated
- Differentiate into gametocyst in lamina propria
- Micro and macro gamete –Z oocyst (isospora type)
Sporogony: in lamina propria

Texas cattle fever is caused by?
a. Babesia bovis
b. Babesia bigemina
c. Babesia gibsoni

Babesia bigemina

Haemoproteus is a parasite of which animal?

birds

Phylum of Trichomonads?

Parabasala

Position of small and large Babesia in erythrocytes?

small: located on the periphery at obtuse angles
large: located in the centre at acute angles

Pathology of Giardia

attachment of trophozoites causes:
shortening of villi
inflammation of crypts and lamina propria
lesions of mucosal cells
malabsorption syndrome (steatorrhea)

What is the pathology of Cryptosporidium? How is it diagnosed?

watery acute diarrhoea
diagnosis: finding thick walled oocyst in faecal sample, Carbol fuchsin staining. ELISA, PCR

Pathology of Toxoplasma

trophozoites directly destroy host cells, especially parenchymal and reticuloendothelial cells
Lymph node infection
Local hypersensitivity
Blood vessel blockage
Abortions
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus

Pathology of Histomonas, what are its lesions?

lesions in caecum and liver, perforation in caecum and liver, large inflamed caecum, yellow diarrhoea, apathy, blackhead;
thickened mucosa that becomes necrotic, exudate can solidify into hard, cheesy plugs

What are the important coccidian of poultry? Pathogenesis, clinical signs, treatment

Chicken: E. maxima, E. tenello
Turkey: E. galloparones, E. meleagrimitis, E. adenoeidea
Geese: E. truncata, E. anseris
Pathogenesis: destroys enterocytes, haemorrage, malabsorption, decreased production, weightloss, death;
Treatment: amprolium, sulphonamides, toltrazuril, tylosine, amoxicillin, vaccine, supportive care

Life cycle of Entamoeba

-Ingestion of cyst -> excystation of ameba in small intestine
- Nucleare divition (4->8), cytoplasm -> 8 small amebalae
- Grow into trophozoites -> intestine, other organs.
- 2 forms can develop:
1. Forma minuta – Cronic, latent, 8-20um -> environment as cyst, encyctation in
lumen, 4 nuclei
2. Forma magna – (10 – 60um), invasive, dysenteric (no cysts), necrosis, flask
shape ulcers – perforate GIT -> peritonitis – ameboma, abscess, 2nd infection

Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by:
a. Tsetse fly - Glossina spp.
b. Mechanically
c. Mosquitoes

Tsetse fly - Glossina spp.

Acute sleeping sickness is caused by:
a. T. ethansi
b. T. gambeinsis
c. T. rhodensiensis

T. rhodensiensis

Leishmania tropica causes:
a. cutaneous
b. visceral
c. mucocutaneous form

cutaneous

Life cycle of Lieshmania

Vector: (Phlebotomus spp. / Lutzomyia spp.)
-sucking of blood containing amastigote form in macrophages
-amastigote form is released and migrates to midgut
-adheres to gut: amastigote -> promastigote
-promastigote migrates to pharynx and injected into host

Host:
-promastigote is engulfed by macrophages
-promastigote -> amastigote
-amastigote multiplies by binary fission
-macrophages burst and release to blood
-migrate to other organs depending on species
--Cutaneous: localised to skin
--Visceral: internal organs (liver, spleen)
--Mucocutaneous: mucosae of mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, ear

Giardia intestinalis belongs to:
a. Apicomplexa
b. Diplomonadida
c. Microspora

Diplomonadida

Cryprosporidium baileyi occurs in:
a. Calves
b. Piglets
c. Poultry
d. Human
e. Dog

Poultry

What is the size of the oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii?

12 μm

Gametogony of T. gondii occurs in the small intestine of:
a. rodents
b. birds
c. carnivores (felidae)

carnivores (felidae)

How is a human infected by Toxoplasma?

- ingestion of sporulated oocysts (cat faeces)
- ingestion of zoites (undercooked meat)
- congenital infection
- organ transplants
- blood transfusion

Life cycle of Babesia canis

Tick injects sporozoites into host → entering RBC
Schizogony: vertebrate
- Sporozoite in saliva (vermicles) -> rbc
- Trophozoites - binary fission – rbc rupture
- Merozoites -> blood -> new ec
Gamogony: tick
- Blood meal ingest Ec – gametocytes released
- Micro and macrogametes -> motile zygote
(ookinet)
- Reproduction system -> tick eggs
(treansovary/stadial)
- Salivary gland
Sporogony: tick
- Saliva and form sporont
- In salivary gland -> sporozoites

Sarcocystis is transmitted by:
a. cysts
b. trophozoites
c. air

cysts