Lecture 18: Trauma/shock assessment

Bring arterial pressure MAP up to 60 mmHg until hemorrhage is controlled

Hypotensive resuscitation

Withhold fluid rescuitation until hemorrhage is controlled

Delayed resuscitation

Use smallest volume of fluid possible to resolve/manage shock while minimizing fluid influx into brain or lungs

Limited volume resuscitation

Triad of death

ATC, hypothermia, acidosis

What causes acute traumatic coagulopathy?

Severe tissue injury, shock, hemodilution, hypothermia, acidosis, inflammation

Which of the following is a key consideration for veterinary professionals in ethical dilemmas?

a) Wishes of clients

b) Obligations to animals

c) Obligations to the general public and professional colleagues

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

What is the initial step recommended for solving an ethical problem?

a) Brainstorming potential solutions

b) Determining who is affected by the issue

c) Clearly defining the core ethical question

d) Examining the facts

c) Clearly defining the core ethical question

a custody dispute involving a pet, which action is ethically questionable?

a) Performing euthanasia on the pet based solely on one owner's request, without the other owner's consent

b) Recommending alternative options to euthanasia

c) Confirming pet ownership documentation

d) Gathering information about the situation

a) Performing euthanasia on the pet based solely on one owner's request, without the other owner's consent

What immediate treatment can a veterinary practice employee offer to a person bitten by an animal?

a) Applying an antibiotic such as cephalexin

b) Washing the wound thoroughly with soap and water and applying bandages

c) Writing a prescription for the person's animal to balance clinic inventory

d) Practicing medicine

b) Washing the wound thoroughly with soap and water and applying bandages

What is the primary goal in treating a trauma patient?

a) Administering a shock dose of fluids

b) Optimizing oxygen delivery to tissues

c) Controlling hemorrhage

d) Maintaining a high blood pressure

b) Optimizing oxygen delivery to tissues

What is a common approach to fluid resuscitation?

a) Delayed Resuscitation

b) Limited Volume Resuscitation

c) Hypotensive Resuscitation

d) Shock Dose

d) Shock Dose

Which of the following is part of the "Triad of Death" in acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC)?

a) Hyperthermia

b) Alkalosis

c) Hypothermia

d) Hypervolemia

c) Hypothermia

What diagnostic tool is used to assess oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?

a) Arterial blood pressure

b) BW – PCV/TS, Lactate, BUN

c) Pulse oximetry

d) Imaging

c) Pulse oximetry

Which of the following is an emergency intervention for respiration issues?

a) IV Fluids

b) Pressors for blood pressure

c) Thoracocentesis

d) Transfusion

c) Thoracocentesis

What is the purpose of hyperosmotic agents in neuro emergency treatment?

a) Increase CO2

b) Increase blood pressure

c) Decrease intracranial pressure

d) Decrease blood glucose

c) Decrease intracranial pressure

What does the term "shock" describe in a patient?

a) Elevated blood pressure

b) Poor tissue perfusion

c) Rapid heart rate

d) Increased oxygen delivery

b) Poor tissue perfusion

What is the most common cause of poor tissue perfusion?

a) Cardiogenic issues

b) Hypovolemia

c) Distributive issues (sepsis/SIRS)

d) Pericardial effusion

b) Hypovolemia

What physical examination parameter is indicative of distributive shock?

a) Pale mucous membranes

b) Prolonged capillary refill time

c) Hyperemic mucous membranes

d) Weak pulses

c) Hyperemic mucous membranes

In initial emergency therapy for non-cardiogenic causes of altered tissue perfusion, what is the recommended treatment?

a) Aggressive administration of positive inotropes

b) Relatively aggressive administration of balanced electrolyte fluids

c) Withholding fluids

d) Administration of furosemide

b) Relatively aggressive administration of balanced electrolyte fluids

What is a key characteristic of distributive shock?

a) Decreased circulating blood volume

b) Compromised heart function

c) Altered vasomotor tone and inappropriate distribution of cardiac output

d) Normal tissue perfusion

c) Altered vasomotor tone and inappropriate distribution of cardiac output

What is the primary aim of treating hypoxic shock?

a) Decreasing oxygen content

b) Administering anti-coagulant therapy

c) Increasing oxygen content

d) Administering lusitropic drugs

c) Increasing oxygen content

What is the first step in interpreting an electrocardiogram?

a) Evaluating the complexes

b) Evaluating the rhythm’s regularities and irregularities

c) Determining the heart rate

c) Determining the heart rate

What does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

a) Atrial depolarization

b) Ventricular repolarization

c) Ventricular depolarization

d) Electrical inactivity

c) Ventricular depolarization

What ECG abnormality is characterized by chaotic R-R intervals and absent P waves?

a) First-degree AV block

b) Second-degree AV block

c) Atrial fibrillation

d) Third-degree AV block

c) Atrial fibrillation

What is the definition of shock?

a) Elevated blood pressure and increased oxygen supply

b) A condition where the supply of oxygen fails to meet the demand

c) Increased heart rate and contractility

d) Vasoconstriction and shunting of blood to the periphery