AP Biology Ecology Multiple Choice Practice Test

studied byStudied by 19 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

1. Which of the following is NOT true regarding factors that affect the dispersion of organisms in nature?

A. Most environmental resources are randomly
distributed.

B. Biological conditions tend to be non-uniform.

C. Dispersal of offspring is often limited or controlled
by environmental factors.

D. The development of societies in some populations
controls distribution.

E. Every species is adapted to specific environmental conditions.

1 / 99

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

100 Terms

1

1. Which of the following is NOT true regarding factors that affect the dispersion of organisms in nature?

A. Most environmental resources are randomly
distributed.

B. Biological conditions tend to be non-uniform.

C. Dispersal of offspring is often limited or controlled
by environmental factors.

D. The development of societies in some populations
controls distribution.

E. Every species is adapted to specific environmental conditions.

A. Most environmental resources are randomly distributed.

New cards
2

2. Which of the following provides a chicken rancher using a free-roaming arrangement for his flock the data necessary to ensure maximum survival of his hens?

A. distribution of chickens throughout the range

B. total number of chickens

C. chickens per square foot of the range

D. total square footage of the range

E. crude density of the chicken population

A.Distribution of chickens throughout the range

New cards
3

3. Which of the following is NOT true regarding population counts?

A. A full population count is usually impractical.

B. Ecologists estimate a population's total density from a sample of the population.

C. Sampling within quadrats is particularly useful for most populations of migrating animals.

D. A full population count is possible for large animals in small areas.

E. Capture-recapture methods are used to estimate the population's size of species that do not "stay put.

C. Sampling within quadrats is particularly useful for most populations of migrating animals.

New cards
4

4. The accuracy of the capture-recapture methods depends on all of the following EXCEPT that

A. marked individuals are recaptured at random.

B. unmarked individuals are captured at random.

C. none of the marked individuals are overlooked.

D. no marked individual dies or departs during the study.

E. no new individuals are produced during the study.

E. No new individuals are produced during the study.

New cards
5

5. If K (carrying capacity) for a population is 1,200, and r =0.1, which of the following populations will show the greatest increase over the course of one year assuming exponential growth?

A. N = 100

B. N = 200

C. N = 300

D. N = 700

E. N = 900

E. N= 900

New cards
6

6. Which of the following is NOT true regarding biotic potential? It

A. varies from one species to another.

B. is related to the timing of the first reproduction.

C. is related to the frequency of reproduction.

D. is related to the number of offspring produced.

E. increases as population density increases.

E. Increases as population density increases

New cards
7

7. If a population has an r = 0.02, which of the following statements must be true?

A. Two of every 100 individuals will give birth over the course of a year.

B. Two individuals will be born for every 100 individuals in the population over the course of a year.

C. Births will exceed deaths by 2 percent over the course of a year.

D. The number of individuals added to the population will be 2 percent greater than the number of individuals removed from the population over the course of a year.

E. None of these are true.

E. None of these are true

New cards
8

8. Which of the following is NOT true for a population growing exponentially?

A. The number of individuals added to the population in a year is greater than it was the previous year.

B. The population growth rate increases year after year.

C. Its r remains constant in the short-run.

D. The doubling time remains constant.

E. All of these are NOT true.

D. The doubling time remains constant

New cards
9

9. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding

population-limiting factors?

A. The number of limiting factors may be extensive.

B. A combination of limiting factors is required to

inhibit population growth.

C. Rapidly growing populations are affected by limiting

factors.

D. Small populations are affected by limiting factors.

E. Slow-growing populations are affected by limiting
factors.

B. A combination of limiting factors may be extensive

New cards
10

10. Populations

A. are only limited by one factor at a time.

B. increase arithmetically.

C. may increase indefinitely.

D. are limited by the carrying capacity.

E. overcome limiting factors by increasing their biotic

potential.

D. are limited by the carrying capacity

New cards
11

11. The animal in the above photograph was adversely affected by ____ and is making a comeback thanks to____.

A. global cooling; heat producing chemical added to

their diet

B. sexually transmitted viruses; a new vaccine

C. limited number of natural cavities; artificial nesting

boxes

D. high incidence of males being born; transplantation

of females from other areas

E. all of these

C. limited number of natural cavities; artificial nesting

New cards
12

12. Limiting factors

A. produce more pronounced effects as a population

grows.

B. prevent indefinite, exponential population growth.

C. can be either density-dependent or

density-independent.

D. acting together constitute environmental resistance

to population growth.

E. include all of these.

E. include all of these

New cards
13

13. A J-shaped population growth curve becomes an

S-shaped one

A. as more resources become available.

B. if the data are plotted on semi-log graph paper.

C. as the carrying capacity is reached.

D. if reproduction stops.

E. if any of these occur.

C. as the carrying capacity is reached

New cards
14

14. The effect of population growth limiting factors begin to

become evident at about

A. A.

B. B.

C. C.

D. D.

E. E.

B. B.

New cards
15

15. A change in the environment's long-term ability to

sustain the population is indicated by

A. A.

B. B.

C. C.

D. D.

E. E.

E.E.

New cards
16

16. N is equal to the initial carrying capacity at

A. A.

B. B.

C. C.

D. D.

E. E.

D. D.

New cards
17

17. The population is in exponential growth at

A. A.

B. B.

C. C.

D. D.

E. E.

A. A.

New cards
18

18. Which of the following is the correct sequence in terms of increasing size?

A. ecosystem >>> biogeographic realm >>>biome >>>biosphere

B. ecosystem >>> biome >>> biosphere >>>biogeographic realm

C. biome >>> ecosystem >>> biogeographic realm >>>biosphere

D. ecosystem >>> biome >>> biogeographic realm >>>biosphere

E. biogeographic realm >>> biome >>> ecosystem >>>biosphere

D. ecosystem- biome- biogeographic realm- biosphere

New cards
19

19. Which of the following factors is most important in

determining the type of biomes found in a particular

region?

A. soil type

B. light intensity

C. temperature

D. type of animals in the region

E. wind patterns

C. temperature

New cards
20

20. In shrublands

A. plants are adapted to episodes of fire.

B. primary production is abundant throughout the

year.

C. there are constant cool temperatures throughout

the year.

D. winters are mild and summers are wet.

E. precipitation occurs evenly year round.

A. plants are adapted to episodes of fire.

New cards
21

21. Which of the following biomes supports and is

characterized by the greatest number and diversity of

herbivores?

A. tundra

B. taiga

C. grassland

D. chaparral

E. desert

C. grassland

New cards
22

22. The removal of trees from tropical rain forests for the

purpose of large-scale food crop agriculture is not

recommended because rain forests

A. are poor in organic nutrients.

B. are poor in minerals.

C. have a very poor nutrient reservoir.

D. have soils that are highly weathered.

E. include all of these.

E.include all of these

New cards
23

23. Arctic and alpine tundras have all of the following in

common EXCEPT

A. low moisture.

B. permafrost.

C. minimal plant life.

D. cold temperatures.

E. nutrient-poor soils.

B.permafrost

New cards
24

24. Eutrophication is

A. the enrichment of a body of water with nutrients.

B. the acidification of a body of water with leaves of a

hardwood tree.

C. the turning of water during winter months in lakes.

D. the algal production of toxins to kill fish.

E. none of these.

A. the enrichment of a body of water with nutrients

New cards
25

25. Eutrophication is associated with all of the following

characteristics of a lake EXCEPT

A. decrease in depth.

B. limited transparency.

C. abundant oxygen at all levels.

D. increased abundance of anaerobic decomposers.

E. abundant phytoplankton.

C. abundant oxygen at all levels.

New cards
26

26. Which of the following is(are) responsible for the

movement of minerals upstream?

A. migratory fish and other animals

B. phytoplankton

C. bacteria

D. leaching

E. all of these

A.migratory fish and other animals

New cards
27

27. Which of the following affects the composition of river

water?

A. human activity

B. mudslides

C. nutrients from leaves falling into the river

D. debris from fires

E. all of these

E.all of these

New cards
28

28. All of the following are considered water pollutants

EXCEPT

A. sewer effluents.

B. runoff from undisturbed ecosystems.

C. animal wastes.

D. chemicals from factories.

E. nutrients that promote algal blooms.

B.runoff from undisturbed ecosystems

New cards
29

29. Which of the following elements released in compound

form can cause conditions that lead to an exhaustion of

oxygen from aquatic ecosystems?

A. phosphorus

B. sulfur

C. calcium

D. zinc

E. nitrogen

A. phosphorus

New cards
30

30. Primary treatment of sewage involves mostly

A. the physical treatment of wastewater through

filtration and sedimentation.

B. the biological degradation of the organic material.

C. the detoxification of heavy metals.

D. altering the pH of the wastewater to kill bacteria.

E. all of these.

A.the physical treatment of wastewater through filtration and sedimentation

New cards
31

31. Net primary productivity of a mangrove wetland

depends on

A. salinity.

B. nutrient availability.

C. tidal volume.

D. tidal flow rate.

E. all of these.

E.all of these

New cards
32

32. All of the following are true regarding coral reefs

EXCEPT that they

A. develop in warm, clear waters near coasts or

volcanic islands.

B. are found between 25 degrees north and south.

C. are wave-resistant formations.

D. are areas of abundant resources and minimal

competition among inhabitants.

E. contain the remains of hard corals and the

mineral-hardened cell walls of red algae.

D. are areas of abundant resources and minimal competition among inhabitants

New cards
33

33. Reef systems

A. are wave resistant formations.

B. are formed from calcium carbonate secreted by

coral polyps.

C. have symbiotic dinoflagellates in the living coral.

D. have shown widespread bleaching; death of corals

is being reported worldwide.

E. include all of these.

E. include all of these

New cards
34

34. The organisms that occupy the first trophic level near

hydrothermal vents are

A. detritivores.

B. chemosynthetic bacteria.

C. decomposers.

D. photosynthetic bacteria.

E. chemotrophic heterotrophs.

B.chemosynthetic bacteria

New cards
35

35. Upwelling

A. increases productivity by bringing nutrient-rich cool

water to the surface of the ocean.

B. occurs in cold northern oceans.

C. refers to the accumulation of pollution in the North

Pacific Ocean.

D. occurs when warm ocean currents approach the

edge of continents.

E. generates the major climatic changes in the Pacific

Ocean known as El Niño.

A.increases productivity by bringing nutrient-rich cool water to the surface of the ocean

New cards
36

36. The poor fishing off the coast of Peru associated with El

Niño is related to oceanic

A. downwellings.

B. upwellings.

C. thermal inversions.

D. cyclonic activity.

E. oxygen depletion.

A. downwellings

New cards
37

1. In facultative mutualism

A. both species are animals.

B. the interaction is helpful but not essential for

survival.

C. one species is an animal and the other a fungus.

D. each species must have access to the other to

complete its life cycle.

E. none of these is true.

B. the interaction is helpful but not essential for survival

New cards
38

2. Which of the following associations is NOT an example

of obligatory mutualism?

A. mycorrhiza and plant roots

B. yucca plants and yucca moths

C. ants and aphids

D. lichens

E. all of these

C. ants and aphids

New cards
39

3. In mycorrhizal associations

A. fungal hyphae penetrate plant root cells or form

mats around them.

B. the plant takes some minerals from the fungus.

C. the fungus takes some sugars from the plant.

D. the fungus depends upon the plant for its

reproductive success.

E. all of these are true.

E. all of these are true

New cards
40

4. The relationship above is

A. a parasitic association.

B. predation.

C. resource partitioning.

D. a mutualistic association essential to the fish but

not the anemone.

E. none of these.

D. a mutualistic association essential to the fish but not the anemone

New cards
41

5. The image in the above photograph is a prime example

of

A. double mutualism.

B. associative commensalism.

C. interference competition.

D. team predation.

E. parasitism.

C. interference competition

New cards
42

6. In exploitive competition,

A. one species blocks access of another species to

resources.

B. both species have access to a resource.

C. both species are equally good at utilizing the

resource.

D. all of these occur.

E. none of these occur.

B. both species are equally good at utilizing the resource

New cards
43

7. An aggressive species of chipmunks keeps other

chipmunk species out of its habitat. This behavior

provides an example of

A. a neutral interaction.

B. exploitation competition.

C. interference competition.

D. competitive exclusion.

E. intraspecific competition.

C. interference competition

New cards
44

8. In most cases of interspecific interference competition,

the inferior competitor displaced from an area of niche

overlap is

A. smaller.

B. slower.

C. more specialized in its niche requirements.

D. less specialized in its niche requirements.

E. taxonomically distant.

D. less specialized in its niche requirements

New cards
45

9. Competitive exclusion is based on the idea that

A. one species will hold some sort of advantage over

the other one.

B. no two species can completely occupy the same

niche.

C. the more two species overlap in their capacity to

obtain and use resources the less likely they are to

coexist.

D. all of these are true.

E. none of these are true.

D. all of these are true

New cards
46

10. Which one of the following is the final consequence of

one or more of the others?

A. resource partitioning

B. competition

C. predation

D. parasitism

E. parasitoidism

A. resource partitioning

New cards
47

11. The fact that all three species survive in the same

habitat is due to

A. resource partitioning.

B. overlapping but nonidentical niches.

C. interference competition.

D. resource partitioning and overlapping but

nonidentical niches.

E. resource partitioning, overlapping but nonidentical

niches, and interference competition.

D. resource partitioning and overlapping but nonidentical niches

New cards
48

12. In contrast to a predator, a parasite usually

A. does not kill the animal on which or in which it

lives.

B. kills its host.

C. is a short-term visitor.

D. is larger than its host.

E. does not kill the animal on which or in which it lives

and is larger than its host.

A. does not kill the animal on which or in which it lives

New cards
49

13. Which of the following is(are) true about predator-prey

coevolution?

A. Each species exerts selection pressure on the other.

B. Predators are selective agents that favor improved

prey defenses.

C. Prey with better defenses are selective agents that

favor better predator hunting skills.

D. All of the above are true.

E. None of the above are true.

D. all of the above are true

New cards
50

14. Humans hunt the black rhinoceros, which is rapidly approaching extinction as a result of this predation. What accounts for the absence of stable coexistence between the two species?

A. Predator and prey have not coevolved.

B. Human predation is not necessarily density-dependent.

C. The prey reproductive rate is greater than that of the predator.

D. Predator and prey have not coevolved, and human predation is not necessarily density-dependent.

E. Predator and prey have not coevolved, human predation is not necessarily density-dependent, and the prey reproductive rate is greater than that of the predator.

D. predator and prey have not coevolved and human predation is not necessarily density-dependent.

New cards
51

15. Which of the following is NOT a common result of

predation?

A. The level of the predator population is maintained

near or below the carrying capacity.

B. Both predator and prey undergo selection leading

to coevolution.

C. The predator or prey becomes extinct.

D. The level of the prey population is maintained near

or below the carrying capacity of the environment.

E. All of these are not common results.

C. the predator or prey becomes extinct

New cards
52

16. Ladybugs are effective natural control agents against

pest insects, but as gardeners soon find out, ladybugs

do not reduce pest populations to zero because

A. they can't fly to find pests on nearby plants.

B. of their very selective feeding habits.

C. to do so jeopardizes their own existence.

D. they don't live long enough.

E. their reproductive capacity is nonexistent.

C. to do so jeopardizes their own existence

New cards
53

17. The ability of predators to eat and digest prey

determines the number of prey captured as is shown in

A. model I.

B. model II.

C. model III.

D. models I and II.

E. none of these models.

B. model ll

New cards
54

18. Predators capture a constant proportion of prey

without regard to prey abundance as is shown in

A. model I.

B. model II.

C. model III.

D. models II and III.

E. all of these models.

A. model l

New cards
55

19. Predators can switch to alternative prey when a prey

species is low in abundance as is shown in

A. model I.

B. model II.

C. model III.

D. models I and III.

E. all of these models.

C. model lll

New cards
56

20. What conclusion can be drawn from research on

abundance cycles of Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare?

A. A simple predator-prey model explains the results.

B. A simple plant-herbivore model explains the results.

C. Raptor activity has no effect on the outcome.

D. Complex variables are involved.

E. Manipulation of experimental plots stopped cyclic

changes in population densities.

D. complex variables are involved

New cards
57

21. Which of the following statements about predation

is(are) true?

A. It can result in an increase in species diversity.

B. It can cause extinction of a prey species.

C. It can prevent extinction of a prey species.

D. It can result in an increase in species diversity, and

it can cause extinction of a prey species.

E. It can result in an increase in species diversity, it can

cause extinction of a prey species, and it can

prevent extinction of a prey species.

E. it can result in an increase in species diversity, it can cause extinction of a prey species, and it can prevent extinction of a prey species

New cards
58

22. In fireflies, females attract males of the same species by means of a species-specific flashing pattern. Females of the genus Photuris are capable of producing flashing patterns that resemble those produced by fireflies of the genus Photinus. When a Photinus male approaches a Photuris female, she kills and eats him. This is an example of

A. chemical defenses.

B. parasitism.

C. aggressive mimicry.

D. commensalism.

E. moment-of-truth defenses.

C. aggressive mimicry

New cards
59

23. Hover flies like to drop in at outdoor picnics to sample

the sweets, but the reaction of the humans is to flee the

scene because of the flies' uncanny resemblance to

bees. Thus, the survival of the hover fly is enhanced by

A. mimicry.

B. display behavior.

C. warning coloration.

D. chemical defenses.

E. camouflage.

A. mimicry

New cards
60

24. The animal in the above figure is using ____ for

protection.

A. mimicry

B. display behavior

C. warning coloration

D. chemical defenses

E. camouflage

E. camouflage

New cards
61

25. Parasites impact host populations by

A. draining nutrients from hosts.

B. making hosts more vulnerable to predation.

C. lowering birth rates and raising death rates.

D. affecting intraspecific and interspecific competition.

E. all of these.

E. all of these

New cards
62

26. The images above are an example of

A. mimicry.

B. display behavior.

C. warning coloration.

D. chemical defenses.

E. camouflage.

A. mimicry

New cards
63

27. Which of the following statements about parasites is true?

A. Parasites usually do not kill their hosts.

B. The parasite species that infects a particular host species becomes less virulent over evolutionary time.

C. Death may occur when a parasite attacks a novel host.

D. Parasites usually do not kill their hosts, and the parasite species that infects a particular host species becomes less virulent over evolutionary time.

E. Parasites usually do not kill their hosts; the parasite species that infects a particular host species becomes less virulent over evolutionary time, and death may occur when a parasite attacks a novel host.

E. Parasites usually do not kill their hosts; the parasite species that infects a particular host species becomes less virulent over evolutionary time, and death may occur when a parasite attacks a novel host.

New cards
64

28. Which of the following statements is NOT generally

characteristic of parasites?

A. They are specialists and usually are able to affect

only one variety of hosts.

B. They inflict serious injury and kill their hosts.

C. Some reside inside their hosts, whereas others live

outside their hosts.

D. Their host may be a plant as well as an animal.

E. Some require more than one host to complete the

life cycle.

B. they inflict serious injury and kill their hosts.

New cards
65

29. All of the following are desirable attributes of an effective parasitoid control agent EXCEPT

A. being well adapted to the host.

B. having limited search capability.

C. having a high reproductive rate.

D. being mobile.

E. being capable of quick responses to host population change.

B. having limited search capability

New cards
66

30. Actual physical contact between interactants does not

necessarily occur

A. between parasitoid and prey.

B. in social parasitism.

C. in a predator-prey reaction.

D. when a parasite feeds on a host.

E. in any of these.

B. in social parasitism

New cards
67

31. During the process of community succession, according

to the traditional view,

A. the total biomass remains constant.

B. there are increasing possibilities for resource

partitioning.

C. the pioneer community gives way quickly to the

climax community, followed by a succession of

more diverse arrays of organisms.

D. nutrients cycle more rapidly with time.

E. all of these occur.

B. there are increasing possibilities for resource partitioning

New cards
68

32. Which of the following statements is false about pioneer

species?

A. They have wide ranges of tolerance.

B. Many are mutualistic with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

C. They remain permanent residents of the

community.

D. They include lichens and plants with short life

cycles.

E. They are often small annuals with an abundance of

easily dispersed seeds.

C. they remain permanent residents of the community

New cards
69

33. Which of the following statements about ecological succession is false?

A. A disturbed area within a community may recover quickly if improved soil remains.

B. Pioneer species are the start of community structure.

C. The wastes and remains of early colonizers favor the survival of new species.

D. Secondary succession occurs on a new volcanic island.

E. Later successional species outcompete earlier

species.

D. secondary succession occurs on a new volcanic island

New cards
70

34. The plants and animals now present on acreage from

which the trees were removed ten years earlier

represent

A. primary succession.

B. a climax forest.

C. pioneer species.

D. secondary succession.

E. species introductions.

D. secondary succession

New cards
71

35. In 1882, the tropical volcanic island Krakatoa exploded and was reduced to an abiotic island covered by a thick layer of volcanic ash. By 1933, populations of all of the following organisms were present. Which population was probably established after the others?

A. ferns

B. bacteria

C. insects

D. rodents

E. mosses

D. rodents

New cards
72

36. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,

A. species richness becomes greatest in between disturbances of moderate intensity or frequency.

B. a disturbance is necessary during succession in order to stabilize the community.

C. community succession is highly predictable.

D. competition and other species interactions are the most important factors in shaping community structure.

E. a community reverts to a climax state after a disturbance.

A. species richness becomes greatest in between disturbances of moderate intensity or frequency

New cards
73

37. Species interactions may

A. stabilize a community.

B. cause competitive exclusion.

C. promote community diversity.

D. result in species extinctions.

E. do all of these.

E. do all of these

New cards
74

38. The above graph demonstrates

A. how periwinkle population density can act to

stabilize a community.

B. how diversity of algal groups peaks when the

periwinkle population goes down.

C. as periwinkle populations increase, algal diversity

remains constant.

D. the rate of the tide is the strongest influence on the

population of algae.

E. all of these.

A. how periwinkle population density can act to stabilize a community

New cards
75

39. Many introduced species have deleterious effects on

communities and ecosystems because

A. coevolved parasites and competitors are absent.

B. the introduced species are long-lived.

C. predators prefer the introduced species; therefore,

the local prey proliferate to dangerously high levels.

D. the communities from which they came lost an

important predator, competitor, or parasite.

E. all of these occur.

A. coevolved parasites and competitors are absent

New cards
76

40. Species richness refers specifically to

A. the numbers of individuals of each species present.

B. the ability of larger animals to enrich themselves by

successfully preying on smaller ones.

C. the number of different species in the habitat.

D. the feeding levels at which the animals are located.

E. none of these.

C. the number of different species in the habitat

New cards
77

41. Which of the following is(are) NOT a factor(s) that

explain(s) the area effect on island diversity?

A. Larger islands have more habitats.

B. Smaller islands have more varied and higher

elevations.

C. Larger islands intercept more colonizers.

D. Smaller islands have less complex topography.

E. All of these are not factors.

B. smaller islands have more varied and higher elevations

New cards
78

42. Graph A shows that ant species richness

A. peaks at the equator.

B. drops by 50 percent at 30 degrees north latitude.

C. is less than 50 at 60 degrees north latitude.

D. is somewhat greater at 30 degrees north latitude

than at 30 degrees south latitude.

E. includes all of these.

E. includes all of these

New cards
79

43. Graph B shows that breeding bird species richness

A. is greater than 1,000 at the equator.

B. drops off in northern and southern latitudes.

C. is less than that of ants at 30 degrees north

latitude.

D. drops by more than an order of magnitude at 40

degrees north latitude.

E. includes all of these.

A. is greater than 1,000 at the equator

New cards
80

44. There are more insect species per square kilometer in a Brazilian rainforest than there are in a redwood forest of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. An explanation for this finding is that

A. the tropics have been climatically stable for a longer period of time than have temperate areas.

B. species richness may be self-reinforcing.

C. tropical communities have been evolving for a longer time than temperate ones.

D. the tropics have been climatically stable for a longer period of time than have temperate areas, and species richness may be self-reinforcing.

E. the tropics have been climatically stable for a longer period of time than have temperate areas, species richness may be self-reinforcing, and tropical communities have been evolving for a longer time than temperate ones.

E. the tropics have been climatically stable for a longer period of time than have temperate areas, species richness may be self-reinforcing, and tropical communities have been evolving for a longer time than temperate ones.

New cards
81

1. Most organisms are dependent upon plants because

A. they produce oxygen as a by-product of

photosynthesis.

B. they capture more energy than they consume.

C. they function to prevent erosion and reduce

desertification.

D. they reduce the problems created by the

greenhouse effect as they remove carbon dioxide

from the atmosphere.

E. their nutrients support a vast array of pollinators.

B. they capture more energy than they consume

New cards
82

2. Which of the following combinations of organisms can

survive in isolation from other forms of life?

A. producers and decomposers

B. producers and carnivores

C. carnivores and decomposers

D. carnivores and parasites

E. producers and parasites

A. producers and decomposers

New cards
83

3. Which of the following is NOT true of ecosystems?

A. Although they may include many different species,

many features of ecosystem structure and function

are alike.

B. Autotrophs secure energy and nutrients that are

then used by heterotrophs.

C. Energy cycles and minerals flow through

ecosystems.

D. Many different food chains are represented in most

ecosystems.

E. Ecosystems are characterized by relatively few

trophic levels.

C. energy cycles and minerals flow through ecosystems

New cards
84

4. The primary consumer is

A. the second link in a food chain.

B. an herbivore.

C. an animal.

D. eaten by a carnivore.

E. all of these.

E. all of these

New cards
85

5. Primary carnivores are

A. tertiary consumers in the second trophic level.

B. secondary consumers in the third trophic level.

C. secondary consumers in the second trophic level.

D. tertiary consumers in the fourth trophic level.

E. secondary consumers in the first trophic level.

B. secondary consumers in the third trophic level

New cards
86

6. A secondary carnivore may eat

A. herbivores.

B. primary producers.

C. primary carnivores.

D. second trophic level consumers.

E. any of these.

E. any of these

New cards
87

7. A third level consumer may eat

A. herbivores.

B. primary producers.

C. primary carnivores.

D. second trophic level organisms.

E. none of these.

D. second trophic level organisms.

New cards
88

8. Food chains in the ocean depths tend to be long

because these habitats have

A. an abundance of producers.

B. stable environmental conditions.

C. a variety of energy sources.

D. an abundance of decomposers.

E. small numbers of predators.

B. stable environmental conditions

New cards
89

9. Which of the following represents energy flow in a

grazing food web?

A. producers >>> detritivores >>> decomposers

B. producers >>> decomposers >>> detritivores

C. producers >>> herbivores >>> decomposers >>>

carnivores

D. producers >>> herbivores >>> carnivores >>>

decomposers

E. producers >>> herbivores >>> detritivores >>>

carnivores

D. producers- herbivores- carnivores- decomposers

New cards
90

10. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Heat loss represents a one-way loss of energy from

an ecosystem.

B. Consumers use only a portion of the energy

contained in the food that they eat.

C. In some ecosystems, the majority of the energy

stored in plants does not become available until the

plants die.

D. Heat and energy are lost by each organism in the

ecosystem.

E. Grazing food webs are more energy efficient than

detrital food webs.

E. Grazing food webs are more energy efficient than detrital food webs.

New cards
91

11. Gross primary productivity refers to the total

A. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem

in a given period of time.

B. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of

the ecosystem.

C. energy trapped initially by the producers.

D. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem

in a given period of time.

E. energy used by the producers for their growth and

reproduction.

C. energy trapped initially by the producers

New cards
92

12. Most of the energy within an ecosystem is lost

A. when organisms disperse.

B. when organisms die.

C. as a result of metabolism.

D. by organisms at the top of the food web.

E. as a result of decomposition.

C. as a result of metabolism

New cards
93

13. The release of DDT into the environment to control

some insect pests results in the highest detectable

concentrations

A. at the beginning of the food chain.

B. in the targeted insect pest.

C. close by rivers and lakes.

D. at the top of the food chain.

E. in the targeted ecosystem.

D. at the top of the food chain

New cards
94

14. Long-lasting pesticides such as DDT

A. are target-specific.

B. are the most effective control over pests.

C. build up in concentration as they pass up a food

chain.

D. break down after the organism that receives the

pesticide dies.

E. do all of these.

C. build up in concentration as they pass up a food chain

New cards
95

15. Ecosystems obtain essential raw materials from

A. the components of water molecules.

B. mineral ions dissolved in water.

C. the weathering of rocks.

D. the atmosphere.

E. all of these.

E. all of these

New cards
96

16. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Ecologists use models to represent relationships

between biogeochemical cycles and most

ecosystems.

B. The physical environment has virtually no reservoirs

for most elements.

C. Inputs from the physical environment and recycling

made possible by decomposers and detritivores

maintain the nutrient reserves in an ecosystem.

D. In most major ecosystems, the amount of nutrients

that is cycled within the ecosystem is greater than

the amount entering or leaving the ecosystem in a

given year.

E. Once elements are in the biological parts of the

biogeochemical cycles, they are unlikely to leave

until the organism dies.

B.the physical environment has virtually no reservoirs for most elements

New cards
97

17. Which of the following is true regarding the hydrologic

cycle? Most of the water that evaporates from the

oceans

A. remains in the atmosphere.

B. is transported over land.

C. precipitates onto land.

D. precipitates onto the oceans.

E. ends up as groundwater.

D. precipitates onto the oceans

New cards
98

18. Most of the annual cycling of carbon takes place

between

A. groundwater and surface freshwater systems.

B. the atmosphere and the land.

C. the land and surface freshwater systems.

D. the oceans and the atmosphere.

E. the oceans and the land.

D. the oceans and the atmosphere

New cards
99

19. Carbon is introduced into the atmosphere by all EXCEPT

which of the following means?

A. respiration

B. volcanic eruptions

C. burning of fossil fuels

D. wind erosion of rocks

E. combustion of wood

D.wind erosion of rocks

New cards
100

20. A significant fraction of the earth's carbon is found in all

EXCEPT which of the following forms?

A. carbonate

B. carbon dioxide

C. cellulose

D. carbon monoxide

E. dissolved in seawater

D. carbon monoxide

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 48 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 105 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 35 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13152 people
... ago
4.8(48)
note Note
studied byStudied by 86 people
... ago
4.5(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 118 people
... ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (49)
studied byStudied by 36 people
... ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (46)
studied byStudied by 35 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (35)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (106)
studied byStudied by 51 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (58)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.0(1)
robot