Molecular and Electron Geometry

2 Bond groups, 0 Lone pairs

Molecular and Electron: Linear

3 bonding groups, 0 lone pairs

Electron: Trigonal Planar

Molecular: Trigonal Planar

2 Bonding groups, 1 lone pair

Electron: Trigonal Planar

Molecular: Bent

4 Bonding groups, 0 lone pairs

Electron and Molecular: Tetrahedral

3 Bonding groups, 1 lone pair

Electron: Tetrahedral

Molecular: Trigonal Pyramidal

2 Bonding groups, 2 lone pairs

Electron: Tetrahedral

Molecular: Bent

5 Bonding groups, 0 Lone pairs

Electron and Molecular: Trigonal Bipyramidal

4 Bonding groups, 1 Lone pair

Electron: Trigonal Bipyramidal

Molecular: Seesaw

3 Bonding groups, 2 lone pairs

Electron: Trigonal Bypyramidal

Molecular: T-shaped

2 Bonding groups, 3 lone pairs

Electron: Trigonal Bypyramidal

Molecular: Linear

6 Bonding groups, 0 lone pairs

Electron and Molecular: Octahedral

5 Bonding groups, 1 lone pair

Electron: Octahedral

Molecular: Square pyramidal

4 Bonding groups, 2 lone pairs

Electron: Octahedral

Molecular: Square planar

How to figure out hybridization

Count by bonds
s
count p’s

then d

How to determine ionic bonds

Metal bonded to non metal

(no prefixes)

How to determine covalent bonds

2 non metals
(prefixes)

Polyatomic ions

Covalent bonding of 2 or more atoms

How to find molecular structure

divide molar mass by empirical mass, then multiply whole number by original compound

How to find empirical formula

divide % by molar mass then divide by smallest mole. Remaining whole numbers = number in compound

Percent composition

divide requested molecule by molar mass

Molarity

Moles of solute divided by L of solution

Polar

If it contains dipole

Non-polar

If it does not contain dipole

Strongest IMF

Ionic

Weakest IMF

Dispersion

Which is greater Hydrogen bonding or dipole interactions

hydrogen

Ionic size and ionic radius trends

Down and to the left

Pi bonds and Sigma bonds

Sigma: Count bonds

Pi: For every double bond is 1 pi bond

Boiling point

The stronger the IMF the higher the boiling point

Lowest boiling point

The weaker the IMF (Gas state)