Electricity and Atom Structure

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure of atoms, circuits, resistors, power, and safety in electrical systems.

What are the charges and relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Proton: +1 charge, relative mass of 1; Neutron: 0 charge, relative mass of 1; Electron: -1 charge, relative mass of 0 (0.0005).

What is a series circuit?

A closed circuit where the current is the same everywhere.

How does current behave in a parallel circuit?

In a parallel circuit, current splits into multiple paths, and the total current entering a junction equals the total current in each of the branches.

What does potential difference (voltage) represent?

Energy transferred per unit charge, measured in Volts.

What formula relates potential difference, current, and resistance?

V = I * R where V is potential difference in volts, I is current in amperes, and R is resistance in ohms.

How does resistance change with temperature for a thermistor?

In a thermistor, resistance decreases with higher temperatures.

What are the characteristics of a light-dependent resistor (LDR)?

An LDR has high resistance in darkness and low resistance in bright light.

What is the formula for calculating power in an electrical circuit?

P = IV where P is power in watts, I is current in amperes, and V is potential difference in volts.

Describe the function of a fuse in an electrical circuit.

A fuse is connected to the live wire and melts in case of a large current, breaking the circuit to prevent fire or damage.

What is the difference between AC and DC current?

AC (alternating current) varies continuously, while DC (direct current) moves in one direction only.

What color is the neutral wire in an electrical plug?

The neutral wire is blue.

What happens when the live wire comes into contact with the metal casing of an appliance?

The appliance becomes live, which can create a serious electric shock hazard if touched.