LESSON 2: CONCEPT AND TERMINOLOGY IN CROWD AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

Terminologies

1) Crowd Dynamic

2) Crowd Density

3) Mass Gathering

4) Special Events

5) Crowd Flow

6) Crowd Related Risk

7) Stampede

8) Crowd Crush

9) Emergency Evaluation

10) Crowd Safety

11) Crowd Capacity & Carrying Capacity

12) Ingress & Egress

13) Bottle Neck

14) Queue Management

15) Crowd Monitoring

16) Crowd Segmentation

17) Crowd Control Barrier & Perimeter Control

18) Buffer Zone

19) Trigger Event & Surge

20) Progressive Crowd Collapse & Crowd Turbulence

It’s how people think, move, and react during activities

Crowd Dynamic

Individuals tend to copy feelings of others behaviors

Crowd Dynamic

A movement inside

Crowd Dynamic

Factors in crowd dynamic

People around them

Will limit movement

Crowded Space

Results to stampede

Perceive Threats

How crowded is the place

Crowd Density

Measure of people in a certain area

Crowd Density

Level of Crowd Density

1) Low Density

2) Medium Density

3) High Density

4) Very High Density

This density has only few people in the area

Low Density

This density is safe and comfortable

Low Density

This density has more people present and place becomes more crowded

Medium Density

This density has too many people packed in a small space

High Density

This density is difficult/impossible to go out

High Density

People in this density are pushing by crowd, not by choice

High Density

This density become extremely high that people fall/suffocate

Very High Density

Very large number of people come together in an area

Mass Gathering

Mass Gathering

1) Strain Security

2) Affected Transportation

Need more guards, security, police to control crowd

Strain Security

The road becomes congested, parking becomes limited, public transportation is overcrowded

Affected Transportation

It challenge medical and emergency service

Affected Transportation

Stressed via normal capacity

Affected Transportation

It can be dangerous because normal crowd patterns disrupt

Special Event

It is dangerous and unpredictable because people may be unfamiliar with sense

Special Events

It is dangerous because excitement/alcohol can cause danger

Special Events

It can cause poor judgment

Alcohol

Even happy events can be dangerous if crowd movement is not managed

Crowd Flow

Movement of people out/in the venue/area

Crowd Flow

It focus on arrival of people and the exit

Crowd Flow

Types of Crowd Flow

1) Good Crowd Flow

2) Poor Crowd Flow

This crowd flow has low congestion, stress and panic, evacuation is possible

Good Crowd Flow

This crowd flow has bottled neck - a narrow pathway which is blocked

Poor Crowd Flow

Any possible danger that happens when many people gather in one place

Crowd Related Risk

Situation where people are in danger because of overcrowding

Crowd Related Risk

Causes of Crowd Related Risk

1) Overcrowding

2) Panic

3) Violence

4) Poor Planning

A sudden uncontrollable movement that can lead to danger

Stampede

Causes of Stampede

1) Fear/perceived as danger

2) False alarm

3) Sudden loud noise/explosion

Happens when too many people are packed tightly to gather in or small space

Crowd Crisis

A safe area

Emergency Evacuation

An organize environment of people

Emergency Evacuation

Away from immediate danger

Emergency Evacuation

Keeping people safe in crowded area

Crowd Safety

Planning, monitoring, staff training

Crowd Safety

Maximum number of people allowed in a crowd

Crown Capacity

Number of people a space can hold comfortably over time

Carrying Capacity

Entry, arrival

Ingress

Exit

Egress

A narrow or restricted area that slows down the movement of people

Bottle Neck

It increase congestion

Bottle Neck

A process of organizing lines of people

Queue Management

Control emotion

Good Benefit

Disorder, conflict

Bad Benefit

A sudden movement that can cause injury

Crowd Surge/s

A continuous observation and assessment of crowd movement or density

Crowd Monitoring

Process of dividing a large crowd into smaller

Crowd Segmentation

A physical structure

Crowd Control Barrier

Managing and securing the venue (inside and outside)

Perimeter Control

Controlled space between different crowd areas

Buffer Zone

It reduce the pressure, density area

Buffer Zone

Accident or stimulous that can cause sudden crowd reaction

Trigger Event

Sudden uncontrolled forward movement of crowd

Surge

A dangerous condition of loss of balance through this crowd

Progressive Crowd Collapse

Extremely density of crowd movement chaotically and unpredictably

Crowd Turbulence