Anatomical Kinesiology: Hip & Pelvic Girdle

Coxofemoral joint

Articulation between head of femur and acetabulum

Sacroiliac joint

Articulation between ilium and sacrum

Pubic symphysis

Junction between two pubic bones

Acetabulum bones

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Labrum

Fibrocartilaginous lip that deepens acetabulum

Function of labrum

Increases depth and stability of hip joint

Femoral head articulation

~2/3 of head fits into acetabulum

Iliofemoral ligament

Y-shaped ligament of hip

Iliofemoral ligament function

Resists extension, IR, some ER

Pubofemoral ligament function

Resists abduction and some ER

Ischiofemoral ligament function

Resists extension and IR

Ligaments do not restrict

Hip flexion

Femoral neck function

Holds femur away from pelvis

Femoral neck composition

Trabecular (spongy) bone

Angle of inclination

90–135 degrees

Angle of inclination affects

Hip joint alignment

Angle of anteversion

Angle of femoral neck in transverse plane

Normal anteversion

12–14 degrees anterior

Excessive anteversion compensation

Internal rotation

Retroversion

Posterior rotation of femoral neck

Retroversion compensation

External rotation

Iliopsoas

Iliacus + psoas major

Rectus femoris action

Assists knee extension

Sartorius action

Assists hip abduction

Hamstrings action

Assist knee flexion

Multiarticular muscles

Cross multiple joints and are injury-prone

Quadriceps strain

Injury to quadriceps muscle/tendon

Quadriceps strain cause

High force and biarticular muscles

Quadriceps strain symptoms

Anterior thigh pain, swelling, weakness, limited ROM

Hamstring strain

Overstretched or torn hamstring

Hamstring strain symptoms

Posterior thigh pain, swelling, weakness

Hamstring strain causes

Running, jumping, kicking

Hip flexor strain population

Common in athletes

Hip flexor strain cause

Overuse or not warmed up

Hip flexor strain symptoms

Pain, limping, weakness

Quadriceps contusion

Injury from direct blow to thigh

Contusion result

Hematoma (bleeding in muscle)

Severe complication of contusion

Myositis ossificans

Hip dislocation

Femoral head displaced from acetabulum

Hip dislocation cause

Traumatic injury

Hip dislocation emergency reason

Risk of avascular necrosis

Anterior dislocation

~10% of cases

Posterior dislocation

~90% of cases

Posterior dislocation complication

Sciatic nerve injury

Labral tear symptoms

Deep groin pain, clicking, locking

Labral tear diagnosis

MRI arthrogram

Types of labral tears

Traumatic, structural, degenerative

Hip fracture location

Femoral neck

Hip fracture population

Elderly women

Hip fracture mortality

Up to 30% in 1 year

Total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Surgical replacement of hip joint

THA goals

Pain relief and restore function

THA indications

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis

THA components

Acetabular cup, femoral stem, femoral head (ball)

THA complications

Dislocation, infection, leg length discrepancy