AP Geo Chap 8 - 3 and 4

Democracy

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office, like the USA.

Autocracy

A country that is run according to the interests of the leaders.

Anocracy

A country that is not fully autocratic or democratic, but displays a mix of both types.

Unitary state

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.

Federal state

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.

Fragile states

Not very stable states that can't provide needs to their citizens, most are clustered in sub

Porupted state

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the USA and the Soviet Union and their allies from the late 1940s to early 1990s.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the USA and the Soviet Union over missile sites in Cuba.

United Nations

An organization founded in 1945 with 193 member states aimed at international peacekeeping.

Criteria for state unrest

Unfair legal system, youth unemployment, lots of violence, lack of freedom of cultural expression, and poor health conditions.

Nuclear weapons development

The first nuclear weapons were developed during World War II.

Treaty on the Non-

Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

European Union

An economic alliance formed in 1958 to heal scars from World War II.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

An economic alliance formed in 1949 to promote trade and sharing of natural resources.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A military alliance of 16 democratic states in Europe aimed at preventing Soviet expansion.

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance of Communist Eastern European countries to provide the Soviet Union with a buffer of allied states.

START

Stands for Study of Terrorism and Response to Terrorism.

Criteria for terrorism

Intentional violence, aimed at political, economic, religious, or social goals, and outside international humanitarian law.

Al

Qaeda

Boko Haram

Founded in 2002 to transform Nigeria into an Islamic state and eliminate Western cultural practices.

Taliban

An Islamic group that imposed strict values in Afghanistan.

Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL)

Founded in 1999 to impose strict religious laws throughout Southwest Asia.

Cultural Boundaries

Boundaries that follow the distribution of cultural features like shared customs, religions, and languages.

Geometric Boundaries

Boundaries based on human constructs, such as straight lines and parallels of latitude.

Physical Boundaries

Boundaries defined by significant features of the natural landscape.

Territorial Waters

Up to 12 nautical miles from shore, a state may set laws regulating passage by ships registered in other states.

Exclusive Zone

Between 24 and 200 nautical miles, a state has the sole right to fish and other marine life.

Compact state example

Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Poland.

Elongated state example

Gambia, Chile.

Landlocked state example

Chad.

Contagious Zone

Between 12 and 24 nauticle miles forms shore a state may inforce laws concerning pollution, taxation, customs, and immigration

Which countries have had the most terrorist attacks happened?

Afganistan, Nigeria, Iraq

Cultural boundary happen for 3 reasons

separate different language speakers, different religions, and different ethnicities

Why was Crypus created?

To keep the peace between the Greeks and the Turkish

3 criteria for an incident to be considered terrorism

intentional, some level of violence or threat of violence, act conducted by one state to another state

3 criteria for an incident to be considered an act of terrorism

aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious or social goal, intened to coerce, or convey some other message, act was outside the precepts of international humaniterian law

The Fertile Crescent

Persian Gulf to Mediterranean Sea was the location of the 1st civilzation

Balkanization

fragmentation of a larger region or state into smaller states due to ethnicity, culture, or religion and they tend to have conflict

Organic Theory

Says that states are living organisms and they need fuel and territory to grow. Territory is needed for survival and power

antecedent boundary

A border that was there before there was more population and there was cultural landscape

Relic boundary

a former boarder that no longer serves that purpose but is still visible

Heartland Theory

Says who rules Eurasia, rules the World Island, and then they rule the world

Rimland theory

says that who controls the coasts of the Heartland, rules the Heartland and the world

Shatterbelt

a region that is pressured by outside forces, making it fragment and conflicting

Containment theory

that self control and inner and outer factors can stop people from committing crime