Health Assessment Exam 2 - Thorax, Lungs, and Genitourinary systems

Barrel chest

Ribs are horizontal and equal AP to transverse diameter

causes: COPD

scoliosis

s shaped curvature of thoracic and lumbar spine

pectus excavatum

sunken sternum

pectus carinatum 

protrusion of sternum 

tachypnea

> 25 breaths/min

rapid shallow breathing

bradypnea

< 10 breaths/min

slow breathing

hyperventilation

increased rate and depth

hypoventilation

irregular shallow pattern

cheyne-stokes

increase in depth then decreases to apnea at regular intervals (alternating cycle)

biot reparation

increase in depth then decreases to apnea at irregular intervals 

chronic obstructive breathing

normal inspiration and prolonged expiration from airway resistance 

cerebral hypoxia

inadequate oxygen supply causing excessive drowsiness, anxiety, restlessness, and irritability 

unequal chest expansion

indicates atelectasis, pneumonia, fractured ribs

atelectasis 

partial or total lung collapse

crepitus

coarse, crackling sensation over skin surface occurs when air enters subcutaneous tissue 

emphysema

type of COPD that involves reduced lung function and shortness of breath from alveolar damage 

crackles 

(rales) discontinuous popping lung sounds 

pleural friction rub

superficial sound, coarse and low pitched

wheeze

(rhonchi) low pitched, monophonic musical

stridor

high pitched, monophonic, crowing sound

pediculosis pubis 

pubic lice 

phimosis 

narrowed opening of prepuce (can’t retract foreskin)

paraphimosis

painful constriction of the glans by retracted foreskin 

hypospadias 

urethra is on the under side of the penis 

epispadias

urethra is on the upper side of the penis

herpes

clusters of small, shallow vesicles, with erythema 

syphilis 

solitary silver papule that erodes to red ulcer 

contact dermatitis

red rash and intense pruritus

HPV

painless, wart like growths

uterine prolapse 

uterus protrudes into vagina 

emphysema

COPD