unit 11 summary - french

enseignant

teacher

instituteur

male elementary school teacher

institutrice

female elementary school teacher

professeur(e)

professor

étudiant

university student

éléves

secondary school students

écoliers

primary school children

lycéens

high school students

l’école primaire

primary school

l’école maternelle

kindergarten

le collège

the college

le lycée

high school

le bac

baccalaureate

feuille

paper

l’université

university

les grands écoles

big schools

remercier de tout mon cœur

to thank with all my heart

pauvre

poor

analphabète

illiterate

réussir

to succeed

reconnaissance

acknowledgement

when are possessive pronouns used

they are used as a replacement for nouns; they allow us to not repeat things as often.

tends to replace a noun followed by a possessive adjective

what do the masculine and feminine differentiation account for when using possessive pronouns?

the gender of the OBJECT, not the person using the object.

le tri sélectif

selective sorting

technologie verte

green technology

le recyclage

recycling

lumière du soleil

sunlight

bâtiment

building

l’aluminum

aluminum

les écoles

the schools

les universités

the universities

se modernisent

to modernize

se vieillissent

to age

éducation primaire

primary education

éducation secondaire

secondary education

matériaux naturels

natural materials

matériaux locaux

local materials

gaspillage d’énergie

energy waste

économie d’énergie

energy saving

technologies bleues

blue technology

le jardinage

gardening

le triage

sorting

protéger l’école

protect the school

protéger la nature et le climat

protect nature and the climate

s’adapter aux changements

adapt to change

sensibiliser aux changements

raising awareness of changes

schéma québecois

diplôme d’études collégiales → crédits québécois → la bac (1st cycle)→ maîtrise (2nd cycle) → doctorat (3rd cycle)

schéme français

baccalauréat français → crédits européens → licence 1, 2, 3 (1st cycle) → master 1, 2 (2nd cycle)→ doctorat (3rd cycle)

expressions de but

similar to an objective

pour + infinitive

afin de + infinitive

tell me about the infamous “é”

it is a tonic accent, placed after the last syllable of the word or the last phrase of a group of words.

ingénieure informatique

computer engineer

formation

formation

permettre

to allow

se former

to form

informaticiennes

computer scientists

développeuses de logiciels

software developers

refuse

to refuse

mentalités

mentalities

l’avenir

the future

apprendre

to learn

sourtenu

to support

remporter

to win

mondiale

worldwide

prepositional verbs in french

are used when certain verbs accompany the prepositions de or à.

there’s not rlly a rule, other than exceptions, so know BY HEART when to use either of them.

infinitive for prepositional verbs?

when the word following the prepositional verb is another verb, it is in the infinitive.

preposition de

refuser de

accepter de

oublier de

se souvenir de

arrêter de

continuer de

rêver de

regretter de

(ROAR)

preposition à

commencer à

apprendre à

participer à

réussir à

inviter à

faire attention à

(CAPRI + F)

croiser les doigts

to cross one’s fingers

toucher du bois

knock on wood

trouver un trèfle à quatre feuilles

find a four leaf clover

avoir un fer à cheval

to have a horseshoe

bon courage

good luck bro

conditional present, baby!!!!

used for a polite demand, a wish, a piece of advice, or a hypothesis

verbs used in conditional present

vouloir

aimer

devoir

pouvoir

acheter

how to form conditional present

the stem is futur (infinitive) but instead of futur endings, you use l’imparfait endings

conditional endings

ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient

verbs for a polite demand

pouvoir and vouloir

verbs to express a wish or desire

aimer

vouloir

souhaiter

préfère

verbs to give advice

devoir

pouvoir

faire

what about forming a hypothesis?

if, then, because

si → imparfait → conditional

how to form the imparfait tense

take the verb in its nous form

drop the ons

keep the l or the other letter (usually NOT an r)

and add the endings (which are the same as the conditional ones :)