Union/Jacobites + Enlightenment

am i even putting the week here anymore

James VI & I, 1603-07

Inheriting thrones of England and Ireland, wanted more perfect union between England and Scotland—superstate

Covenanters 1640s

Seen as a way of protecting their revolution, supported Presbyterian Church of Scotland, supported confederation rather than new state

Process of Union 1702-3

Abortive negotiations

Process of Union 1703-5

Growing Anglo-Scottish tensions; all Scots in England treated like aliens if Parliament doesn’t agree

Process of Union 1705

Parliament agrees

Process of Union 1706

Negotiations and debate

Process of Union 1707

Ratification and implementation

Problem of the succession

Childless deaths of Mary II, William III, and childlessness of Queen Anne

War of Spanish Succession 1701-13

England and France leading opposing alliances

Jacobite view on Presbyterianism

Not a fan!

Jacobites

Supporters of James VII and his heirs (Stuarts), anti-unionism

Four main Jacobite risings in Scotland

1689-91, 1715, 1719, 1745-46

Enlightenment c.1740s-1790s

‘Age of Reason’, challenge to religious intolerance, intellectual and practical implications, scientific reform, belief that govt can improve society

Why was Scottish Enlightenment particularly intense?

Small country! Most key enlightenment figures knew each other

Scotland and Universities

More literate than other European countries, five universities by 18th century, replaced with specialist teaching, had one of the most developed elementary school systems

Post-1707 Constitution

Union deprives Scotland of Parliament