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Attacking language
draws attention away from reasoned argument
positions audience to agree that if an individual is flawed, their massage must be too
can help argue from a position of authority
Hyperbole/exaggeration
can be humorous
can create an emotional response
creates a ‘worst case scenario’ and plays on the audience’s fears by using ‘shock-tactics’
creates a dramatic effect, often through visual imagery
humour
gains the audience’ attention and emphasis the writer’s point
using humour can provide an engaging and friendly tone
can sway an audience by having them enter into the joke
Rhetorical question
positions audience to agree by assuming their answer will be the same as the writer’s
engages audience by addressing them directly
Appeal
triggers an emotional response in the audience.
e.g. evokes feeling of guilt, concern, fear, or conversely, of pride, honour, satisfaction, etc.
Evidence
facts, statistics and expert: Can add weight to an argument and author credibility if employed appropiately
Anecdotal: the personal angle engages the audience and as ‘true stories’ they carry weight
Inclusive language
Makes the audience feel included in the issue and that their view matters
can encourage a sense of responsibility in the audiece.