4.5 apwh

Capital

Material wealth available to produce more wealth.

Commercial Revolution

The transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver, spurred by European overseas colonies, new ocean trade routes, population growth, and inflation.

Price Revolution

The high rate of inflation, or general rise in prices, in the 16th and early 17th centuries.

Joint-Stock Companies

Companies owned by investors who bought stock or shares in them; made possible large-scale trade and exploration.

Limited Liability

A principle meaning that investors were not responsible for a company’s debts or other liabilities beyond the amount of their investment, making investing safer.

East India Company

A British joint-stock company founded in 1600 to establish and direct trade throughout Asia; eventually dominated trade in India.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

A government-chartered joint-stock company founded in 1602 that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies and helped the Dutch establish a trading empire.

Triangular Trade

A three-part Atlantic trade system: manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and raw materials from the Americas to Europe.

Monopoly

The exclusive control of trade in a certain good or area, granted either to a single company or to the government itself.

Syncretism

The blending or combining of different religious beliefs, practices, or cultural traditions.