Genetics Review Flashcards

Flashcards to review key genetics concepts including genotype/phenotype, Punnett squares, karyotypes, and pedigrees.

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism.

What is a phenotype?

The observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

What is a Punnett Square?

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

What does heterozygous mean?

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

What does homozygous dominant mean?

Having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene.

What does homozygous recessive mean?

Having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

23

What chromosomes denote a female on a karyotype?

XX

What chromosomes denote a male on a karyotype?

XY

How can you tell if a person has a genetic disorder by looking at a karyotype?

By looking for extra or missing chromosomes or structural abnormalities.

What is a pedigree?

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next.

How do you create a pedigree?

By following established symbols and conventions to represent family members and their relationships, and indicating which individuals have a particular trait.

How do you read a pedigree?

By analyzing the patterns of inheritance of a specific trait or genetic disorder within a family.

How do you figure out the genotypes of family members based on a pedigree?

By analyzing the phenotypes expressed in the pedigree and applying the principles of Mendelian genetics.